The adjective describes that which is worthy of hatred or abomination, something detestable. It can denote either hating (active) or hated (passive), though context determines which. Paul uses it in his catalogue of unregenerate human condition in Titus, describing people as 'hateful' or 'detestable'—living in malice and envy, hating one another. The term captures both the objective moral repugnance and the subjective experience of mutual hatred characterizing life apart from God's grace. All translations render the passive sense (hateful, odiosos, verhasst), emphasizing people's condition as objects of hatred rather than mere haters.