πῦρ G4442
Fire — literal combustion or divine/eschatological fire of judgment, purification, and theophany.
Pur is the elemental term for fire in Greek, carrying enormous theological freight in the New Testament. It appears in everyday literal contexts — a fire kindled for warmth (Mark 14:54; Luke 22:55) — but far more often in eschatological and divine-judgment settings: the unquenchable fire of Gehenna (Matt 5:22; 18:8-9), the fire that will test each person's work (1 Cor 3:13-15), and the lake of fire in Revelation (Rev 20:14-15). John the Baptist's announcement that the Coming One will baptize 'with the Holy Spirit and fire' (Matt 3:11) fuses purification with judgment. Spanish fuego, French feu, and German Feuer all preserve the single lexeme, as does every target language surveyed.
Senses
1. [split] fire — Fire in both its literal sense (a hearth fire, Mark 14:54; Luke 22:55) and its far more frequent eschatological sense — divine judgment (Matt 3:10; 13:42; 25:41), purification (1 Cor 3:13), and apocalyptic destruction (Rev 20:14). All target languages — Spanish fuego, French feu, German Feuer — render it with a single fire-word, confirming semantic unity. 1×
AR["النَّارُ","النَّارِ","بِالنَّارِ","ناراً","نارًا","نارٍ","نَارٍ","نَارِ"]·ben["আগুন","আগুনে","আগুনে।","আগুনের","আগুনের।"]·DE["Feuer"]·EN["fire"]·FR["feu"]·heb["אֵשׁ","בְּאֵשׁ"]·HI["अअग","अअग-कि","आग","आग-के","आग-में","आग-से"]·ID["api","api."]·IT["fuoco"]·jav["geni","latu","latu,","latu.","latu;"]·KO["불","불-로","불-에","불-의","불-이","불과","불에","불의","불이"]·PT["fogo"]·RU["огне","огненную","огня","огонь"]·ES["fuego"]·SW["-ya-moto","moto","motoni"]·TR["ateş","ateşe","ateşin","ateşle","ateşte"]·urd["آگ","آگ-کی"]
Matt 3:10, Matt 3:11, Matt 5:22, Matt 7:19, Matt 13:42, Matt 13:50, Matt 17:15, Matt 18:8, Matt 18:9, Matt 25:41, Mark 9:22, Mark 9:43 (+38 more)
1. fire (eschatological judgment, divine punishment) — Split from sense 76120. Criteria: Divine judgment and apocalyptic destruction: unquenchable fire (Matt 3:10; 3:12), eternal fire prepared for the devil (Matt 25:41), lake of fire (Rev 20:14-15), refining fire testing works (1 Cor 3:13) 55×
AR["-نَارِ","النَّارُ","النَّارِ","بِالنَّارِ","ناراً","نارًا","نارٍ","نَارًا","نَارِ"]·ben["অগ্নি","আগুন","আগুনে","আগুনে।","আগুনের","আগুনের।"]·DE["Feuer"]·EN["fire"]·FR["feu"]·heb["אֵשׁ","בְּאֵשׁ"]·HI["अअग","अअग-कि","आग","आग-के","आग-में","आग-से"]·ID["api","api."]·IT["fuoco"]·jav["geni","latu","latu.","latu;"]·KO["불","불-로","불-에","불-의","불-이","불과","불에","불의","불이","쏟아-붓겠다"]·PT["fogo"]·RU["огне","огненную","огня","огонь"]·ES["fuego"]·SW["-ya-moto","moto","motoni"]·TR["ateş","ateşe","ateşin","ateşle","ateşte"]·urd["آگ","آگ-کی"]
Matt 3:10, Matt 3:11, Matt 3:12, Matt 5:22, Matt 7:19, Matt 13:40, Matt 13:42, Matt 13:50, Matt 18:8, Matt 18:9, Matt 25:41, Mark 9:43 (+38 more)
2. fire (literal combustion) — Split from sense 76120. Criteria: Physical fire: hearth fire for warmth (Mark 14:54; Luke 22:55), burning things with fire in everyday contexts 19×
AR["النَّارِ","بِنارٍ","جَنُوبًا","نارٌ","نارٍ","نارِ","نَار","نَارٍ","نَارِ"]·ben["অগ্নির","আগুন","আগুনে","আগুনের","আগুনের,","দক্ষিণ-বাতাস"]·DE["Feuer","νότον"]·EN["a-fire","a-south-wind","fire","of-fire","with-fire"]·FR["feu","midi"]·heb["אֵשׁ","בְּאֵשׁ","דָּרוֹם","הָאֵשׁ","שֶׁל-אֵשׁ"]·HI["अअग","आग","आग,","आग-की","आग-की,","आग-की;","आग-के","आग-के-पास","आग-के।","आग-में","दक्षिण-हवा"]·ID["api","api,","api;","selatan"]·IT["fuoco","noton"]·jav["geni","geni,","kidul","latu","latu,"]·KO["남풍이","불","불-에","불-의","불에","불의","불이,","불이며,"]·PT["com-fogo","de-fogo","do-fogo","fogo","fogo,"]·RU["огню","огня","огня,","огня;","огнём","огнём,","огонь","огонь,","южный"]·ES["con-fuego","de-fuego","de-fuego,","el-sur","fuego"]·SW["kusini","moto","moto,","na-moto,","wa-moto","wa-moto,","wa-moto;","ya-moto","za-moto","za-moto,"]·TR["ateş","ateşe","ateşin","ateşinden","ateşle","güney","kötü"]·urd["آگ","آگ-سے","آگ-کا","آگ-کی","آگ-کے","آگ-کے-پاس","آگ٬","دکھن"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πῦρ (once πύυρ [?~X ¯ ?~X] by 'distraction', Refs 4th c.BC+; not used in plural, see at {πυρά},{τά}:—fire, π. καίειν or δαίειν to kindle fire, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ἀνακαίειν, ἅπτειν, ἐξάπτειν, αἴθειν, ἐναύειν, (see entry).; π. ποιεῖν, ποιήσασθαι, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. ἐμβαλεῖν νηυσί, κλισίῃσι, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. φυσητέον, ῥιπίζειν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b π. τεχνικόν, see at {τεχνικός}. __2 funeral-fire…