περί G4012
Acerca de, sobre; preposición que marca referencia/tema, propósito/beneficio, ubicación espacial o aproximación numérica
La preposición περί es una de las más versátiles del griego neotestamentario, y rige tanto genitivo como acusativo con efectos semánticos distintos. Su sentido dominante — 'acerca de, sobre' — enmarca prácticamente toda discusión teológica en las epístolas y buena parte de la enseñanza de Jesús. Sin embargo, su significado espacial originario, 'alrededor de', pervive con viveza: el cinturón de cuero de Juan el Bautista 'alrededor de su cintura' (Mt 3:4; Mc 1:6). Entre ambos polos se sitúan los usos causales ('por, en beneficio de'), centrales para la teología de la expiación, y los usos aproximativos ('como a la hora tercera', Mt 20:3) que dan textura temporal a las parábolas.
Sentidos
1. acerca de, sobre — Marca el tema o asunto del discurso: 'acerca de X', 'sobre X', 'con respecto a X'. Con 276 apariciones es abrumadoramente el sentido primario en el Nuevo Testamento, usado con genitivo. Enmarca la indagación de Herodes sobre el Cristo (Mt 2:8), las enseñanzas de Jesús y las discusiones epistolares. Todas las lenguas seleccionan vocabulario referencial, no espacial. 276×
AR["بِ-", "بِ-شَأْنِ", "بِـ", "على", "عَلَي", "عَن", "عَنِ", "عَنْ"]·ben["-বিষয়ে", "-সম্বন্ধে", "বিষয়ে", "যার-বিষয়ে", "সম্বন্ধে"]·DE["ueber-", "über"]·EN["about", "about-", "concerning", "concerning-"]·FR["au-sujet-de"]·heb["וְ-", "לְךָ", "סְבִיב", "עֲלֵיהֶם", "עֲלֵיכֶם", "עַל", "עַל-", "עַל־", "עָלֶיךָ", "עָלָיו"]·HI["-के-बअरे-मेइन", "-के-बरे-मेइन", "-के-बारे", "-के-विषय", "-के-विषय-में", "के", "के-विषय-में", "बताते-हैं"]·ID["tentang"]·IT["riguardo-a"]·jav["bab", "tumrap"]·KO["-에-관하여", "-에-관해", "-에-대한", "~에-관하여", "~에-대하여", "에-대해"]·PT["Acerca-", "acerca", "acerca-", "acerca-de", "de-", "delas", "pelas-", "por"]·RU["О", "за", "над-", "о", "о-", "об", "об-"]·ES["acerca-de", "por-"]·SW["-", "ambaye", "kuhusu", "kuhusu-", "kukuhusu", "kumhusu", "lakini", "si", "wao"]·TR["-hakkında", "hakkında"]·urd["-پر", "-کے-بارے-میں", "بارے-میں", "کا", "کی"]
Matt 2:8, Matt 4:6, Matt 6:28, Matt 9:36, Matt 11:7, Matt 11:10, Matt 12:36, Matt 15:7, Matt 16:11, Matt 17:13, Matt 18:19, Matt 19:17 (+38 más)
2. por, en beneficio de — Indica propósito, beneficio o causa: 'por X', 'en favor de X', 'a causa de X'. Este sentido aparece 29 veces, frecuentemente en contextos sacrificiales o intercesores de gran peso teológico. Jesús dice que su sangre es derramada 'por muchos' (Mt 26:28 — περὶ πολλῶν), y ora 'por' Pedro (Lc 22:32). El español emplea 'por' para distinguirlo del sentido referencial. 29×
AR["عَن", "عَنَّا", "عَنِ", "عَنْ", "مِن-أَجلِ", "مِنْ-أجْلِ"]·ben["-এর-জন্য", "-এর-সম্পর্কে", "-জন্য", "-বিষয়ে", "জন্য", "বিষয়ে", "বিষয়ে-"]·DE["ueber-", "über"]·EN["concerning", "for", "for-"]·FR["au-sujet-de", "au-sujet-de-"]·heb["בַּעֲדֵנוּ", "עַל", "עַל-", "עַל-אוֹדוֹת", "עָלֵינוּ"]·HI["-के-लिए", "-के-लिये", "-के-विषय-में", "के-लिए", "के-लिये"]·ID["untuk"]·IT["riguardo-a"]·jav["bab", "kangge", "kanggé", "karana", "tumrap"]·KO["-에-관하여", "-을-위하여", "~에-관하여", "~을-위하여", "에-관하여", "에-관한"]·PT["acerca", "para", "pelo", "pelos", "por"]·RU["за-", "о-", "обо-"]·ES["acerca", "acerca-de", "por"]·SW["juu-ya", "kuhusu", "kuhusu-", "kwa-ajili", "kwa-ajili-ya", "kwa-ajili-ya-"]·TR["-için", "-nin-icin", "hakkında", "için", "için-"]·urd["-کے-لیے", "خاطر", "سے", "لیے", "کے-لِیے", "کے-لیے"]
Matt 26:28, Luke 5:14, Luke 6:28, Luke 22:32, John 10:33, John 10:33, Acts 8:15, Acts 12:5, Eph 6:18, Col 1:3, Col 4:3, 1 Thess 5:10 (+17 más)
3. alrededor de (espacial) — Sentido espacial de rodear o circundar: 'alrededor de X', usado con acusativo. Diecinueve apariciones conservan el núcleo etimológico del vocablo. Juan el Bautista lleva un cinturón 'alrededor de su cintura' (Mt 3:4; Mc 1:6); una piedra de molino se cuelga 'alrededor del cuello' (Mt 18:6); las multitudes se agolpan 'alrededor de' Jesús (Mc 3:8). 19×
amh["በዙሪያ"]·AR["حول", "حَولَ", "حَولَهُ", "حَوْلَ", "حَوْلَهَا", "حَوْلَهُ", "عَلَى", "فِي"]·ben["-কে-ঘিরে", "-চারপাশে", "-তে", "আশে-পাশের", "ঘিরে", "চারপাশে", "বিষয়ে", "সাথে"]·ces["kolem"]·dan["omkring-"]·DE["ueber-", "um", "über"]·ell["περί"]·EN["around", "around-"]·FR["au-sujet-de", "au-sujet-de-", "autour"]·guj["આસપાસના"]·hat["bò"]·hau["kusa-da"]·heb["סְבִיב", "סְבִיבִיב", "סְבִיבָיו", "סְבִיבוֹת", "סָבִיב", "סביב", "עַל־"]·HI["-के-आसपास", "-के-चारों-ओर", "-के-साथ", "-पर", "-मेइन", "आस-पास", "आस-पास-की", "और", "के", "के-चारों-ओर", "को", "चारों-ओर", "बारह", "सूर"]·hun["körülöttük"]·ID["di", "di-sekeliling", "di-sekitar", "sekitar", "tentang"]·IT["intorno", "riguardo-a", "riguardo-a-"]·jav["bab", "ing", "ngubengi", "sakiwa-tengen", "sakiwa-tengenipun", "saubeng", "tiyang-sakiwa-tengen", "tiyang-sakiwa-tengenipun,", "wonten-ing"]·JA["-の周り-の"]·KO["-를-둘러", "-에", "-에-대하여", "-의", "-주위", "-주위에", "-주위에서", "-주위의", "대한", "둘레-에", "에", "에-관한", "주위에", "주위에-있는-자들이"]·mar["सभोवती-"]·mya["ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်"]·nld["rondom"]·nor["omkring"]·pnb["آلے-دوالے"]·pol["wokół"]·PT["ao-redor", "ao-redor-de", "ao-redor-de-", "com,", "partes-ao-redor"]·ron["din-jurul"]·RU["бывшие-с", "вокруг", "вокруг-", "на", "около", "около-", "по-"]·ES["alrededor", "alrededor-de", "alrededor-de-"]·SW["karibu-na", "karibu-na-", "karibu-naye", "kuhusu,", "kunizunguka-", "kuuzunguka", "kuwazunguka", "kuzunguka", "kuzunguka-", "kwenye", "pamoja-na", "shingoni", "walio-karibu-naye"]·swe["omkring"]·tam["-சுற்றியுள்ள"]·tel["-చుట్టూ"]·tgl["sa-paligid"]·TH["รอบๆ"]·TR["-de", "-e", "-etrafında", "civarından", "etrafına", "etrafında", "etrafındakiler", "etrafını", "yanındaki-ler", "yer", "çevresinde", "çevresindeki", "çevresine"]·ukr["навколо"]·urd["-پر", "-کے-ارد-گرد", "-کے-پاس", "-کے-گرد", "ارد-گرد", "بارے", "بارے-میں", "چاروں-طرف", "کے-آس-پاس", "کے-ارد-گرد-", "گرد", "گِرد"]·VI["xung-quanh"]·yor["tí-ó-yí-ka"]·yue["周圍-嘅"]·ZH["周围"]
4. aproximadamente, cerca de — Marca aproximación numérica o temporal: 'como, aproximadamente, cerca de', usado con acusativo de medida. Nueve apariciones se concentran en la parábola de los obreros (Mt 20:3, 5, 6, 9 — 'como a la hora tercera') y en la crucifixión ('como a la hora novena', Mt 27:46). El español 'cerca de' y 'como' captan la imprecisión deliberada de estas referencias. 9×
AR["حَوَالَي", "نَحوَ", "نَحْوَ"]·ben["-কাছে", "আসপাশে", "প্রায়", "বিষয়ে", "সময়ে"]·DE["ueber-", "über"]·EN["about", "about-", "around"]·FR["au-sujet-de", "au-sujet-de-"]·heb["בְּ", "בְּ-", "בַּ-", "סָבִיב"]·HI["-के-लगभग", "-को", "आता-है", "के-आसपास", "लगभग"]·ID["pukul", "sekitar"]·IT["riguardo-a", "riguardo-a-"]·jav["Kirang-langkung", "kirang-langkung", "wanci", "watawis"]·KO["-에", "-에-대해", "-쥼", "-쯤에", "~즈음에"]·PT["Por-volta-da-", "da-", "por-volta", "por-volta-da-"]·RU["Около", "около", "около-"]·ES["acerca-de", "cerca-de", "cerca-del", "de-cerca-de", "hacia"]·SW["-", "karibu-na", "lakini", "saa-sita"]·TR["-de", "-hakkında", "civarında", "civarındakiler"]·urd["-کے-قریب", "قریب"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
περί, Thess., Delph. περ Refs 5th c.BC+, also Aeolic dialect, see below Refs 4th c.BC+ V; Elean παρ Refs: preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative:—round about, all round (properly different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Sanskrit pári 'round about'.) __A WITH GENITIVE, __A.I of Place, sometimes in Poets, round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς Refs 8th c.BC+, on both…