πενθερός G3995
father-in-law; a male in-law relation
This noun means father-in-law, the father of one's spouse. In John 18:13, Caiaphas is identified as the father-in-law of Annas, clarifying the family relationship between these two high-priestly figures. Classical usage extended the term more broadly to relatives by marriage, including brothers-in-law or sons-in-law, but the New Testament usage is specifically for the father of one's spouse.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The father of one's spouse; a father-in-law. John's identification of Caiaphas as Annas's father-in-law explains the family dynamics in the high-priestly household during Jesus' trial. The kinship term appears across languages ('father-in-law,' 'suegro,' 'beau-père,' 'Schwiegervater') with precise consistency, highlighting the familial connection between two pivotal figures in the passion narrative. 1×
AR["حَمِيَّ"]·ben["শ্বশুর"]·DE["Schwiegervater"]·EN["father-in-law"]·FR["beau-père"]·heb["חוֹתֵן"]·HI["ससुर"]·ID["mertua"]·IT["pentheros"]·jav["marasepuh"]·KO["장인"]·PT["sogro"]·RU["тесть"]·ES["suegro"]·SW["mkwe-wa"]·TR["kayınpederi"]·urd["سسر"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πενθερός, ὁ, father-in-law, Refs 8th c.BC+; λαβὼν Ἄδραστον π. Refs 5th c.BC+: in plural, parents-in-law, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II generally, connexion by marriage, e.g. brother-in-law, Refs; also, ={γαμβρός}, son-in-law, Refs 5th c.BC+. (Cf. Sanskrit bándhus 'kinsman', Lithuanian beñdras 'comrade', Gothic bindan 'bind'.)