παρρησί-α G3954
boldness, confidence; openly, publicly, plainly
2. openly, publicly, plainly — The noun parresia used adverbially (in the dative parresia or with the preposition en) to denote public, open, or plain speech/action, as opposed to secrecy or obscurity. Clusters 74206 (6 occ) and 74208 (3 occ) form a unified sense with clearly distinct translation signatures from the 'boldness' sense: Arabic 'jahran/'alaniyyatan/'alanin' (publicly/openly) rather than 'jur'a' (courage), Hebrew 'be-galuy/be-fumbey' (in the open/publicly) rather than 'bitachon' (confidence), Hindi 'khulkar/khule aam se/spaShTata se' (openly/plainly/clearly) rather than 'nirbhayata' (fearlessness), Korean 'damdaehi/gong-gaejeok-euro' (openly/publicly) rather than 'damdaeham' (boldness as noun). Spanish shifts from 'confianza' to 'abiertamente/libremente' (openly/freely). All 9 occurrences appear in John's Gospel (John 7:4, 7:13, 7:26, 10:24, 11:14, 11:54, 16:25, 16:29, 18:20), where the contrast between speaking en parresia ('openly, publicly, plainly') versus en paroimiais ('in figures') or en krypto ('in secret') makes this a semantically distinct adverbial sense. This is a well-recognized lexicographic distinction in Greek lexica (BDAG, LSJ). 9×
AR["جَهرًا","صَرَاحَةً","عَلَانِيَةً","عَلَانِيَةٍ","عَلَنًا","عَلَنٍ"]·ben["প্রকাশ্যে","স্পষ্টভাবে","স্পষ্টভাবে,"]·DE["Freimut"]·EN["openly","openness","plainly","plainness"]·FR["assurance"]·heb["בְּ-גָלוּי","בְּגַלוּי","בְּגָלוּי","בְּפֻמְבֵּי","גַלוּי","פֻּמְבֵּי"]·HI["खुलकर","खुलकर।","खुले-आम-में","खुले-आम-से","स्पष्टता","स्पष्टता-से"]·ID["dengan-terang-terangan","dengan-terus-terang","terbuka","terus-terang"]·IT["franchezza"]·jav["cetha","kalayan-cetha","kalayan-cetha,","ngajeng-tiyang-kathah","ngajeng-tiyang-kathah.","sacara-cetha,","sacara-terang"]·KO["공개적으로","담대히"]·PT["abertamente","franqueza"]·RU["открыто","открыто,","открыто.","открытости"]·ES["abiertamente","claridad","libertad","libremente"]·SW["wazi","waziwazi"]·TR["açıklıkta","açıkça"]·urd["کھل کر","کھل-کر","کھُل-کر","کھُلے-عام"]
John 7:4, John 7:13, John 7:26, John 10:24, John 11:14, John 11:54, John 16:25, John 16:29, John 18:20
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
1. boldness, confidence — The noun parresia denoting boldness, confidence, or fearless courage, especially in speaking or approaching God. This is the dominant NT sense (21 occurrences in cluster 74205 plus the single occurrence in 74211). Translation signatures center on inner courage: English 'boldness/with boldness', Arabic 'jur'a' (courage/daring), Hebrew 'bitachon/tu'azza' (confidence/boldness), Hindi 'nirbhayata/sahas' (fearlessness/courage), Korean 'damdaeham' (boldness), Spanish 'confianza' (confidence). This sense appears prominently in Acts for apostolic boldness (Acts 2:29, 4:13, 4:29, 4:31, 28:31), in Paul's letters for ministerial confidence (2 Cor 3:12, 7:4, Eph 3:12, Phil 1:20, Philem 8), and in Hebrews for confident access to God (Heb 3:6, 4:16, 10:19, 10:35). Mark 8:32 (sense 74211, 'with boldness') describes Jesus speaking the word parresia -- the same abstract quality of courageous frankness, here in the dative instrumental, identical in meaning to the other boldness occurrences. 22×
AR["الثِّقَةَ","الجُرأَةُ","ثِقَة","ثِقَةٌ","ثِقَةٍ","ثِقَتَكُمْ","جُرأَةً","جُرأَةٌ","جُرأَةٍ","جُرأَةُ","جُرْأَةٍ","جُرْأَةَ","كَثيرَةً","مُجاهَرَةٍ"]·ben["নির্ভীকতা","নির্ভীকতায়","সাহস","সাহসিকতা-এ","সাহসিকতায়","সাহসের","স্পষ্টবাদিতা"]·DE["Freimut","παρρησίαν","παρρησίας"]·EN["boldness"]·FR["assurance","hardiesse"]·heb["בְּתֻעַזָּה","בִּטְחוֹן","בִּטָּחוֹן","בִּטָּחוֹן,"]·HI["तुम-से","निदरत,","निर्भयता","यूहन्ना-का","सअहस","सहस","साहस","साहस-के"]·ID["kebebasan","keberanian","keberanian,","keberanian.","keyakinan","keyakinan,"]·IT["franchezza"]·jav["kakendelan","kawantosan","kawantun","kawantunan","kebak-ing-manah","kebak-ing-manah,","kebak-ing-manah.","kendel","wantun"]·KO["나-를","담대함","담대함,","담대함-으로","담대함-을","담대함과","담대함으로","담대함을","담대함이다","베드로-의"]·PT["confiança","confiança,","ousadia"]·RU["дерзновение","дерзновение,","дерзновением","дерзновением.","дерзновенности","смелости","смелость","смелостью"]·ES["confianza","denuedo","franqueza","libertad"]·SW["mkubwa","ujasiri"]·TR["-e","birlikte-","cesaret","cesaret-","cesaretini","cesaretinizi","cesaretle","cesarettle","cesaretyle","cesurluğu","engelsizce"]·urd["بے-باکی","بے-باکی-سے","جرأت-میں","دلیری","دلیری،"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
παρρησί-α, ἡ, (πᾶς, ῥῆσις) outspokenness, frankness, freedom of speech, claimed by the Athenians as their privilege, ἐλεύθεροι παρρησίᾳ θάλλοντες οἰκοῖεν πόλιν κλεινῶν Ἀθηνῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔχειν π. Refs 5th c.BC+; δημοκρατίας οὔσης οὐκ ἔστι π. Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ παρρησίας, title of work by Philodemus. __2 in bad sense, licence of tongue, ἡ εἰς τοὺς θεοὺς π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 freedom of…