ὀνειδ-ίζω G3679
To revile, reproach, or insult; upbraid or rebuke sharply; reproach (in the sense of finding fault with a giver).
A verb expressing verbal attack ranging from hostile insults to authoritative censure. When persecutors revile believers or mock Christ on the cross (Matt 5:11; Matt 27:44; Mark 15:32), the word carries the sting of contemptuous abuse--Spanish 'injuriar/insultar' and German 'schmahen' convey the venom well. When Jesus himself 'upbraids' cities that did not repent (Matt 11:20) or rebukes his disciples for unbelief (Mark 16:14), the same verb shifts toward authoritative reproof, with Spanish using 'reprochar.' James 1:5 presents a striking theological inversion: God gives wisdom generously 'without reproaching'--the one context where the word appears in negation, assuring believers that divine generosity carries no sting of blame.
3. reproach (without upbraiding) — To reproach in the sense of finding fault with or shaming a recipient--used uniquely in negation at James 1:5, where God gives wisdom 'without reproaching' (me oneidizonton). This sense preserves the core meaning of casting blame but applies it to the donor-recipient relationship: unlike human benefactors who remind you of their generosity, God gives without making the asker feel belittled. Spanish 'reprochando' maintains the verbal form while the negation transforms it into a statement about divine graciousness. 1×
AR["يُعَيِّرُ"]·ben["তিরস্কারকারী"]·DE["schmähen"]·EN["reproaching"]·FR["reprocher"]·heb["מוֹכִיחַ"]·HI["उलाहना-देनेवाले"]·ID["mencela,"]·IT["oneidizontos"]·jav["kang-ngréwangi,"]·KO["꾸짖지-않고,"]·PT["censurando"]·RU["упрекающего,"]·ES["reprochando"]·SW["kukemea"]·TR["azarlamadan"]·urd["ملامت-کرتا٬"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. revile, reproach, insult — To revile, reproach, or heap verbal abuse upon someone out of hostility or contempt. Used of enemies taunting Christ on the cross (Matt 27:44; Mark 15:32), persecutors insulting believers (Matt 5:11; Luke 6:22), and the reproaches that fell on the Messiah (Rom 15:3, quoting Ps 69:9). Spanish 'injuriar/insultar' and German 'schmahen' consistently render the hostile, demeaning character of these attacks. 6×
AR["-الَّذِينَ-يُعَيِّرُونَ-كَ","تُعَيَّرونَ","عَيَّرَاهُ","عَيَّرُوكُمْ","كَانُوا-يُعَيِّرُونَ","يُعَيِّرونَ"]·ben["তোমরা-নিন্দিত-হও","নিন্দা-করছিল","নিন্দা-করছিলেন","নিন্দা-করে","নিন্দুকদের"]·DE["schmähen","ὀνειδίσωσιν","ὠνείδιζον"]·EN["reproaching","they-reproach","they-revile","were-reproaching","were-reviling","you-are-reproached"]·FR["insulter","reprocher"]·heb["הֶחֶרְפוּ","חֵרְפ-וּ","יְחַרְפוּ","יְחָרְפוּ","מְחָרְפִים","מְחֻרְפִּים"]·HI["ताना-मारते-थे","तिरस्कृत-किए-जाते-हो","निन्दा-करते-थे","निन्दा-करनेवालों-की","निन्दा-करें"]·ID["kamu-dicela","mencela","mereka-mencela","yang-mencela"]·IT["oneidizesthe","rimproverare"]·jav["dipun-pitenah","ingkang-nyacad","moyoki","ngina","panjenengan-dipundukani","sami-nyenyamah"]·KO["모욕하고","모욕하면","비난하는-자들-의","비방받으면","욕하였다","욕했다"]·PT["insultando","insultavam","sois-injuriados","vos-insultarem"]·RU["на-","оскорбят","поносили","поносят","упрекаетесь"]·ES["injuriaban","injurien","os-insulten","que-ultrajan","sois-vituperados"]·SW["mnatukanwa","walimshutumu","walimtukana","wanao-kutukana","watakapowashutumu","watawashutumu"]·TR["aşağılanırsanız","aşağılarlarsa","aşağılayanların","aşağılıyorlardı","hakaret-ediyorlardı","hakaret-etseler,"]·urd["اور","بُرا-کہیں","طعنہ-کیا","طعنے-دیتے-تھے","ملامت-کرنے-والوں","ملامت-کی-جاتی-ہے-تمہاری"]
2. upbraid, rebuke — To upbraid or rebuke with authority, expressing strong disapproval toward those who should know better. Jesus 'began to denounce' the cities where his mighty works were done (Matt 11:20), and he 'reproached' the eleven for their stubborn unbelief after the resurrection (Mark 16:14). Spanish 'reprochar' shifts the register from external hostility to internal corrective censure--the rebuke comes from love and authority, not malice. 2×
AR["وَبَّخَ","يُوَبِّخُ"]·ben["তিরস্কার-করতে","তিরস্কার-করলেন"]·DE["schmähen","ὀνειδίζειν"]·EN["he-reproached","to-denounce"]·FR["reprocher"]·heb["הוֹכִיחַ","לְ-הוֹכִיחַ"]·HI["डांटा","धिक्कअर-करन"]·ID["menegur"]·IT["rimproverare"]·jav["nyaru","sami-ndukani"]·KO["꾸짓기를","꾸짖으셨다"]·PT["a-repreender"]·RU["укорять","упрекал"]·ES["a-reprochar","reprochó"]·SW["akawakemea","kukemea"]·TR["azarladı","azarlamaya"]·urd["ملامت-کرنا","ملامت-کی"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὀνειδ-ίζω, future -ιῶRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ὠνείδισα (Epic dialect ὀν-) Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect ὠνείδικα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+future middle ὀνειδιεῖσθε (in passive sense) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ὠνειδίσθην Refs 2nd c.BC+ __I cast in one's teeth, make a reproach to one, usually with accusative of things et dative person, ἀλκὴν μέν μοι πρῶτον ὀνείδισας Refs 8th c.BC+: with a relative…