οἶκος G3624
House, dwelling place; by extension, household or family lineage as a social unit
One of the most common nouns in the New Testament, oikos spans the concrete and the social. At its most basic it denotes a physical building — the house one returns to, the temple called 'my Father's house,' the structure built on rock or sand. Yet the same word seamlessly extends to the people inside: a household, a family line, 'the house of Israel.' Translations across languages track this duality — Spanish 'casa,' French 'maison,' and German 'Haus' all carry the same double meaning, confirming that the physical-to-social extension is deeply natural.
Senses
1. house, dwelling — A physical house, dwelling, or building — from private residences (Matt 9:6-7, 'go to your house') to the Jerusalem temple called God's house (Matt 21:13, 'my house shall be called a house of prayer'). Covers domestic spaces, rooms, tents, and sacred structures. The multilingual glosses (spa: casa, fra: maison, deu: Haus) uniformly treat this as the default, unmarked sense across all 112 occurrences. 112×
AR["بَيتي", "بَيتَ", "بَيتُكُم", "بَيتِ", "بَيتِكَ", "بَيتِهِ", "بَيتِي", "بَيْتٍ", "بَيْتَ", "بَيْتِ", "بَيْتِكَ", "بَيْتِهِ", "بَيْتِي", "بُيُوتِهِمْ"]·ben["গৃহ", "গৃহে", "ঘর", "ঘরে", "ঘরে,", "বাড়িতে"]·DE["Haus"]·EN["a-house", "house"]·FR["maison"]·heb["בֵּית", "בֵּיתְכֶם", "בֵּיתִי", "בַּיִת"]·HI["अधीक्षक", "अपने", "घर", "घर-को", "घर-मेइन", "दुष्टता", "परमेश्वर", "सुना-गया", "सूर"]·ID["rumah", "rumah,", "rumah-Ku", "rumahmu"]·IT["casa"]·jav["dalem", "griya", "griyanipun", "omah", "omah,", "omahé"]·KO["집", "집에", "집으로", "집은", "집이"]·PT["casa", "casa,"]·RU["Дом", "дом", "доме", "домом"]·ES["casa"]·SW["Nyumba", "nyumba", "nyumba,", "ya-sala", "yangu", "yenu"]·TR["ev", "evde", "eve", "eve,", "evim", "evime", "evine", "eviniz"]·urd["گھر", "گھر-میں"]
Matt 9:6, Matt 9:7, Matt 12:4, Matt 12:44, Matt 21:13, Matt 21:13, Matt 23:38, Mark 2:1, Mark 2:11, Mark 2:26, Mark 3:20, Mark 5:19 (+38 more)
2. household, family — The household or family as a social unit, extending beyond walls to the people within. Used of managing one's household well as a qualification for church leadership (1 Tim 3:12) and of those who 'overturn whole households' through false teaching (Titus 1:11). The shift from building to people mirrors the same metonymy found in Hebrew bayit (H1004), and translations like Spanish 'casas' and French 'maison' preserve this ambiguity naturally. 2×
AR["بُيوتاً", "بُيوتَهُم"]·ben["গৃহগুলি", "গৃহের।"]·DE["Haus"]·EN["households"]·FR["maison"]·heb["בָּתִּים", "בָּתֵּי"]·HI["घरोन"]·ID["rumah-tangga"]·IT["casa"]·jav["bale-griya.", "brayat"]·KO["집들-을", "집들을."]·PT["casas", "inteiras"]·RU["дома", "домами"]·ES["casas"]·SW["nyumba", "zao"]·TR["evleri", "evlerini"]·urd["گھرانے", "گھروں۔"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
οἶκος, ὁ, house, not only of built houses, but of any dwelling-place, as that of Achilles at Troy (see. κλισία), Refs 8th c.BC+; of the Cyclops' cave, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a tent, LXX; οἶκον ἱκάνεται is coming home, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰς or ἐς οἶκον Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ κατ᾽ οἶκονRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ οἴκου ἀποχωρῆσαι go home wards, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπ᾽ οἴκου from home, Refs; compare οἰκία. __b frequently…