Senses
1. to be sober-minded, be watchful — To be mentally alert, self-controlled, and spiritually vigilant, used metaphorically in the NT for moral and eschatological watchfulness rather than mere abstinence from alcohol. All three clusters are inflectional variants of the same metaphorical sense: imperative (eng 'be sober,' spa 'sed sobrios,' hin 'savdhan raho'), hortatory subjunctive (eng 'let us be sober,' spa 'seamos sobrios,' arb 'nashow'), and present participle (eng 'being sober,' spa 'siendo sobrios,' swa 'mkiwa na kiasi'). Uniformly rendered across languages with terms for self-control and mental alertness. 6×
AR["اصحوا","اصْحُ","صاحينَ","لِنَصْحُوَ","نَصْحُوَ"]·ben["সংযত-থাক","সংযত-হই","সচেতন-থেকে","সচেতন-হও"]·DE["nuechtern-sein"]·EN["Be-sober","be-sober","being-sober","let-us-be-sober"]·FR["Νήψατε","νήφοντες","νήφωμεν","νήψατε","νῆφε"]·heb["הֱיֵה-פִּקֵּחַ","הִתְפַּכְּחוּ","הָיוּ-עֵרִים","נִפְכָּח","פִכְּחִים"]·HI["सचेत-रह","सचेत-रहकर","सचेत-रहो","सावधान-रहो","होश-मेइन-रहेइन"]·ID["Sadarlah","berjaga-jaga","bersadar","waspadalah"]·IT["essere-sobrio"]·jav["Sadara;","kang-waspada,","kita-waspada,","kita-waspada;","sadara","waspada"]·KO["근신하라","근신하여","깨어-있으라","정신을-차리자"]·PT["sejamos-sóbrios","sendo-sóbrios,","vigiai"]·RU["Трезвитесь;","да-трезвимся","трезвись","трезвитесь","трезвясь,"]·ES["Sed-sobrios","seamos-sobrios","sed-sobrios","siendo-sobrios","sé-sobrio"]·SW["Kuweni-na-kiasi","kesha","kuwa-na-kiasi","mkiwa-na-kiasi","tuwe-na-kiasi"]·TR["Ayık-olun","ayık-ol","ayık-olalım","ayık-olarak","ayık-olun"]·urd["چوکنّے-رہو","ہوشیار-رہ","ہوشیار-رہو؛","ہوشیار-رہیں","ہوشیار-ہو-کر،"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
νήφω, Doric dialect νάφω (see. infr. II), used by early writers only in present, mostly in participle: later imperfect ἔνηφον Refs 6th c.AD+aorist ἔνηψα NT+5th c.BC+:—to be sober, drink no wine, οὔτε τι γὰρ ν. οὔτε λίην μεθύω Refs 7th c.BC+participle νήφων as adjective, ={νηφάλιος}, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τοὺς μεθύοντας... πλείω ζημίαν ἀποτίνειν τῶν ν. Legal Pittaciap. Refs 5th c.BC+; ν. θεός, i.e.…