1. grief / sorrow / pain — Emotional or physical distress, encompassing both grief of the soul and bodily pain. The two clusters are singular (15x) vs. plural (1x) inflections of the same feminine noun lype. All target languages use one lexeme across number: eng 'grief/griefs,' spa 'tristeza/tristezas,' hin dukh (दुख) unchanged, arb huzn/ahzan (حُزْن/أحزان) regular broken plural, kor seulpeum (슬픔) with plural particle, swa 'huzuni' invariant. One unified sense. 16×
AR["أحزانًا","الحُزنُ","حُزنًا","حُزنٍ","حُزْن","حُزْنًا","حُزْنٍ","حُزْنُ","حُزْنِ"]·ben["দুঃখ","দুঃখ,","দুঃখে","দুঃখে,","দুঃখের"]·DE["Trauer","Traurigkeit"]·EN["grief","griefs","of-grief","pain","sorrow"]·FR["tristesse"]·heb["עֶצֶב","צַעַר"]·HI["उदासी","दुःख","दुख","दुख-की","दुख-से"]·ID["dukacita","dukacitamu","kesakitan","kesedihan","kesedihan;"]·IT["lupas","lupēn","lupēs","tristezza"]·jav["kaprihatinan,","kasusahan","sedhih","sedhih,","sisah"]·KO["고통-을","슬픔","슬픔-을","슬픔-의","슬픔-이","슬픔들을","슬픔에","슬픔에서","슬픔으로","슬픔은","슬픔을","슬픔이"]·PT["de-tristeza","tristeza","tristezas,"]·RU["печали","скорби","скорби,","скорбь","скорбью"]·ES["de-tristeza","tristeza","tristezas"]·SW["huzuni","huzuni,"]·TR["acılara","hüzün","keder","keder-","kedere","kederi","kederi-","kederiniz","o-","üzüntü","üzüntüden"]·urd["دکھ","دکھوں،","غم","غم-میں","غم-کی"]
Luke 22:45, John 16:6, John 16:20, John 16:21, John 16:22, Rom 9:2, 2 Cor 2:1, 2 Cor 2:3, 2 Cor 2:7, 2 Cor 7:10, 2 Cor 7:10, 2 Cor 9:7 (+4 more)
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
λῡπ-η, ἡ, pain of body, opposed to ἡδονή, Refs; also, sad plight or condition, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 pain of mind, grief,Refs 4th c.BC+; τί γὰρ καλὸν ζῆν βίοτον, ὃς λύπας φέρε; Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to χαρά, Refs 5th c.BC+