1. famine / hunger — Severe scarcity of food, ranging from widespread famine affecting a region to personal hunger or starvation. All three clusters represent inflectional case variants (nominative, accusative, dative) of the same core meaning without genuine semantic differentiation. Multilingual evidence confirms unity: eng 'famine/hunger,' spa 'hambre,' hin akaal/bhookh (अकाल/भूख), arb majaa'a/juu' (مَجَاعَة/جوع), kor gigeun/baegopeum (기근/배고픔), swa 'njaa' consistently across all forms. 12×
AR["المَجاعَةِ","بِالجُوعِ","جوعٌ","جوعٍ","جُوعٌ","مَجاعاتٌ","مَجاعَةٌ","مَجَاعَاتٌ","مَجَاعَةً","مَجَاعَةٌ"]·ben["ক্ষুধায়","খিদেতে","দুর্ভিক্ষ","দুর্ভিক্ষে,"]·DE["Hungersnot"]·EN["a-famine","famine","famines","hunger","with-famine"]·FR["famine"]·heb["בְּרָעָב","רְעָבִים","רְעָבוֹן","רְעָבוֹת","רָעָב"]·HI["अकाल","अकाल,","भूख","भूख-से"]·ID["kelaparan","kelaparan,"]·IT["carestia","limos","limō"]·jav["kaluwen","keluwen","luwe","paceklik","pailan"]·KO["굶주림으로","기귈-으로","기귰들이","기근-이","기근들과","기근이","기근이냐","배고픔에"]·PT["de-fome","fome","fome,","fomes"]·RU["голод","голоде","голодом,","голоды","нагота","от-голода"]·ES["de-hambre","hambre","hambres","hambruna"]·SW["kwa-njaa","na","njaa","njaa,","njaa-kuu"]·TR["açlıkta","açlıktan","kıtlık","kıtlık-mı","kıtlıklar","ve-"]·urd["بھوک","بھوک-سے","قحط","کال","کال-سے"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
λῑμός, οῦ, ὁ (Doric dialect ἡ, accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+; Λ. ἔχων γυναικὸς μορφήν Callisth. cited in NT+2nd c.BC+:—hunger, famine, δίψα τε καὶ λ. Refs 8th c.BC+, referring to the siege of Melos, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II a hungry wretch, Refs 4th c.BC+