κῠβεία G2940
trickery, dice-playing, crafty manipulation
Paul warns believers not to remain immature children, 'tossed by waves and blown about by every wind of teaching, by human trickery, by craftiness in deceitful scheming' (Ephesians 4:14). The word originally meant dice-playing, then extended to the cheating and manipulation associated with gambling. False teachers operate like dishonest gamblers, using sleight of hand and deceptive tactics. The metaphor suggests both randomness (dice) and calculated deception (loaded dice). Spiritual maturity recognizes such manipulation.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Paul's metaphor draws on dice-playing and gambling culture—the term originally referred to playing with dice, then to the trickery and cheating endemic to ancient gambling. False teachers manipulate like dishonest gamblers, using crafty schemes to deceive. German 'List' (cunning/trickery) and Spanish 'astucia' both capture the calculated deception. Paul wants believers mature enough to recognize loaded dice when they see them—to discern manipulative teaching rather than being swept along by clever rhetoric. 1×
AR["حيلَةِ"]·ben["পাশা-খেলায়"]·DE["List"]·EN["trickery"]·FR["κυβείᾳ"]·heb["עַרְמָה"]·HI["चअल"]·ID["kelicikan"]·IT["kubeia"]·jav["apus-apus"]·KO["속임에"]·PT["astúcia"]·RU["лукавстве"]·ES["astucia"]·SW["hila"]·TR["zarinda"]·urd["چالاکی"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κῠβεία, ἡ, dice-playing, Refs 5th c.BC+ by the trickery of men, NT