2. lawsuit, legal case — A civil legal dispute or lawsuit brought before a court, distinct from divine or eschatological judgment. In 1 Cor 6:7 Paul rebukes the Corinthians for having lawsuits (κρίματα) against one another before unbelieving judges. The multilingual evidence confirms a distinct semantic domain: arb daʿāwī (lawsuits/claims), hin mukaddame (legal cases), kor sosong-deul (lawsuits), spa pleitos (disputes), while the standard judgment translations use daynūna/simpan/juicio. Hebrew מִשְׁפָּטִים is the same but the pragmatic context shifts from divine verdict to human litigation. This forensic-civil usage is well attested in classical Greek for krima. 1×
AR["دَعاوى"]·ben["মামলা"]·DE["Gericht"]·EN["lawsuits"]·FR["jugement"]·heb["מִשְׁפָּטִים"]·HI["मुकद्दमे"]·ID["perkara-hukum"]·IT["giudizio"]·jav["pangadilan"]·KO["소송들을"]·PT["demandas"]·RU["тяжбы"]·ES["pleitos"]·SW["mashtaka"]·TR["ki-"]·urd["مقدمے"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
1. judgment, condemnation — A judicial decision, verdict, or sentence rendered by God or human authority. This is the dominant NT sense of krima, covering divine judgment on sin and formal condemnation. In the Gospels Jesus warns of receiving greater condemnation (Matt 23:14, Mark 12:40, Luke 20:47; spa condenación, arb daynūna). In Romans and Galatians it denotes God's righteous judgment (Rom 2:2-3, 3:8, 5:16, 13:2; Gal 5:10; spa juicio, hin nyāy, kor simpan). The Hebrew equivalent is consistently מִשְׁפָּט. Includes both singular and plural forms (Rom 11:33 'judgments' κρίματα, arb aḥkām, hin nirṇay) as well as the sense of eschatological judgment (John 9:39, Acts 24:25, Heb 6:2, Jude 1:4). French uniformly renders jugement, German alternates between Urteil and Gericht. 27×
AR["الدَّينونَةَ","الدَّينونَةُ","حُكْمَكُمْ","دَينونَة","دَينونَةً","دَينونَةٍ","دَينونَةَ","دَينونَتُهُم","دَيْنونَةٌ","دَيْنونَةِ","دَيْنُونَةً"]·ben["অধিক","দণ্ড","দণ্ড,","দন্ড","বিচার","বিচারে","বিচারের"]·DE["Gericht","Urteil"]·EN["condemnation","judgment"]·FR["jugement"]·heb["דִּין","מִשְׁפַּט","מִשְׁפַּטְכֶם","מִשְׁפָּט"]·HI["दंड","दण्ड","दन्द","दन्द,","न्याय"]·ID["hukuman","penghakiman","penghakiman,","penghukuman"]·IT["giudizio"]·jav["pangadilan","pangadilanipun","pangadilanipun,","paukuman","paukuman,","paukuman.","paukumanipun","wewenang-ngadili"]·KO["심판","심판-을","심판을","심판을,","심판을-위해","심판이"]·PT["condenação","julgamento","juízo"]·RU["в-","осуждение","суд","суда","судом","суду"]·ES["condenación","condenación}","juicio"]·SW["hukumu"]·TR["ceza","hükmünüzü","o-","yargi","yargı","yargılama","yargının","yargısı","yargısına","yargısını","yargıyı"]·urd["سزا","عدالت","فیصلہ","فیصلہ-تھا","فیصلے","مقدمہ"]
Matt 7:2, Matt 23:14, Mark 12:40, Luke 20:47, Luke 23:40, Luke 24:20, John 9:39, Acts 24:25, Rom 2:2, Rom 2:3, Rom 3:8, Rom 5:16 (+15 more)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κρίμα, ατος, τό, (κρίνω) decision, judgement, NT+3rd c.BC+; verdict on a literary work, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 decree, resolution, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 legal decision, Refs 3rd c.BC+; decision of arbitrators, Refs 3rd c.BC+; especially sentence, condemnation, LXX+NT __II matter for judgement, question, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II.2 law-suit, LXX+NT __III ={κρίσις}, judging, judgement, NT.John.9.39, NT, etc.…