ἐλαία G1636
olive tree (toponym: Mount of Olives); olive tree (the plant itself); olive (the fruit)
1. olive tree (toponym: Mount of Olives) — The olive tree as part of the fixed place name 'Mount of Olives' (to Oros ton Elaion), always in the genitive plural Elaion. This is the dominant NT usage (11x): Matt 21:1, 24:3, 26:30; Mark 11:1, 13:3, 14:26; Luke 19:29, 19:37, 21:37, 22:39; John 8:1. All translations render it as a toponym: German Oelberg, Arabic az-zaytuni, Hebrew ha-zeitim, Korean gamlam-namudeur-ui, Spanish Olivos, French olivier. The referent is the specific hill east of Jerusalem, significant in Jesus's teaching and passion narrative. 11×
AR["الزَّيتونِ","الزَّيْتُونِ","زَيتون","زَيْتونِ","زَيْتُونِ"]·ben["জয়তুনের","জলপাই","জলপাই-গাছের","জলপাই-বৃক্ষের","জলপাইয়ের"]·DE["Oelbaum","Ölberg"]·EN["Olives","of-Olives","olives"]·FR["olivier"]·heb["הַזֵּיתִים","זֵיתִים"]·HI["ज़ैतून","जैतून","जैतूनों","जैतूनों-के","जैतून।"]·ID["Zaitun"]·IT["degli-ulivi"]·jav["Zaitun","Zaitun,","Zaitun.","Zaitun;","zaitun."]·KO["감람나무들-의","감람나무들의","감람나무의","감람의"]·PT["Oliveiras","Oliveiras,","das-Oliveiras"]·RU["Елеонской","Елеонской,","Елеонскую","Маслин","Масличной","Масличную"]·ES["Olivos","de-los-Olivos"]·SW["Mizeituni","akawatuma","wa-Mizeituni","walimkaribia"]·TR["Zeytinler","Zeytinler'in","Zeytinlerin","Zeytin’in"]·urd["زیتون","زیتون-کے"]
Matt 21:1, Matt 24:3, Matt 26:30, Mark 11:1, Mark 13:3, Mark 14:26, Luke 19:29, Luke 19:37, Luke 21:37, Luke 22:39, John 8:1
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
2. olive tree (the plant itself) — The olive tree as a living plant, used metaphorically or literally. In Rom 11:17,24 Paul uses the olive tree (elaia) as an extended metaphor for Israel, with wild and cultivated branches representing Gentiles and Jews respectively. Also in Rev 11:4 (the two witnesses are called 'olive trees'). English olive-tree, Spanish olivo, Arabic az-zaytuni, Hebrew za-zayit, Korean gamlam-namue, Hindi jaitun-ka/jaitun-vriksh. Distinct from the toponym sense in that it refers to the actual botanical entity or its figurative extension. 3×
AR["-ال","الزَّيْتُونِ","زَيْتُونِ-هُمْ"]·ben["জলপাই-গাছ","জলপাই-গাছে?","জলপাই-গাছের"]·DE["Oelbaum"]·EN["olive-tree","olive-trees"]·FR["olivier"]·heb["הַ-זַיִת","זֵיתִים","זַיִת"]·HI["जैतून","जैतून-का","जैतून-वृक्ष"]·ID["pohon-zaitun,","zaitun"]·IT["elaiai","olivo"]·jav["wit-zaitun","zaitun","zaitun?"]·KO["감람나무들과","감람나무에","감람나무의"]·PT["oliveira","oliveira?","oliveiras"]·RU["маслины,"]·ES["olivo","olivos"]·SW["mzeituni","mzeituni?","ya-mizeituni,"]·TR["zeytin-ağacı","zeytin-ağacının","zeytinlerine"]·urd["زیتون","زیتون-کے-درخت"]
3. olive (the fruit) — The olive fruit produced by the olive tree. In James 3:12 the rhetorical question asks whether a fig tree can produce olives (elaias), using the fruit as an illustration of natural kinds and the impossibility of mixed produce. Korean gamlam-yeolmaereul (olive fruit) and Spanish aceitunas (olives as food) distinguish this clearly from the tree sense. Arabic zaytaunan and Hindi jaitun are ambiguous, but the context is unmistakably the fruit rather than the tree or place name. 1×
AR["زَيتونًا"]·ben["জলপাই"]·DE["Oelbaum"]·EN["olives"]·FR["olivier"]·heb["לַעֲשֲוֹת"]·HI["जैतून"]·ID["zaitun"]·IT["elaias"]·jav["zaitun"]·KO["감람-열매를"]·PT["azeitonas"]·RU["маслины"]·ES["aceitunas"]·SW["zeituni"]·TR["zeytinleri"]·urd["زیتون"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐλαία, Attic dialect ἐλάα, ἡ, olive-tree, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱερὴ ἐRefs 5th c.BC+ to run beyond the olives, which stood at the end of the Athenian racecourse, i.e. to go too far, Refs 5th c.BC+, ubi see Scholia; of the Indian Olea cuspidata, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 variety of δάφνη Refs 1st c.BC+ __II olive, Refs 5th c.BC+ —Acc. to Grammars ἐλάα was the proper form in this sense, ἐλαία in the first; but…