Olive Trees

שֶׁ֫מֶן192 n.m. 2 K 20:13 (on appar. f. Ct 1:3 cf. AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106) fat, oil;—שׁ׳ abs. Gn 28:18 +, cstr. Lv 8:2 +; שָׁ֑׳ 2 K 4:6 +; sf. שַׁמְנִי Ho 2:7 +, etc.; pl. שְׁמָנִים Am 6:6 +; sf. שְׁמָנֶיךָ Ct 1:3, -נַיִךְ 4:10;— 1. fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳ Is 5:1 (of fertile slope); pl. גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים 28:1, 4; of food (in fig.) 25:6(×2); lit. בְּשָׂרִי כַּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 109:24 (cf. צוֹם v a), cf. מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳ Is 10:27 (in fig., si vera l., meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RSJPh xiii (1885), 62 עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁדֵד [v. also II. חבל], joining to v 28; Du Marti has gone up from Pene-Rimmon [??], cf. Di-Kit). 2. a. oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Dt 8:8 + (v. זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳ Is 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Ne 8:15 (‖ זַיִת), עֲצֵי שׁ׳ oleaster-wood 1 K 6:23, 31, 32, 33; once שׁ׳ הַמֹּר Est 2:2 (v. מֹר p. 600b; מ׳ also in holy anointing oil Ex 30:23). b. שׁ׳ as staple (condiment) Nu 11:8 (J; v. לשׁד), of value 1 K 17:12, 14, 16; 2 K 2:4, 6, 7 + 4 times; symb. of plenty Dt 32:13; 33:24; Jb 29:6; ascribed (falsely) to gift of Baals Ho 2:7; as royal treasure 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2, cf. 1 K 5:25 (שׁ׳ כָּתִית, v. כ׳) = 2 Ch 2:9, 14 + 3 times; tribute Ho 12:2, art. of trade Ez 27:17; odoriferous Pr 27:9; Ct 1:3; 4:10, שׁ׳ רוֹקֵחַ Ec 10:1, so (fig.) Ct 1:3; Ec 7:1; Pr. 27:16 is corrupt, v. Toy; sign of luxury Ez 16:13; Pr 21:17, of prosperity Ez 16:20. c. שׁ׳ as medicament Is 1:6; as unguent, for shield 2 S 1:21, person Am 6:6; Mi 6:15; Dt 28:40; Ez 16:9; Est 2:12 ψ 92:11; 104:15, not for mourner 2 S 14:2; on head, token of happiness Ec 9:8, of hospitality, דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַּשּׁ׳ רֹאשִׁי ψ 23:5 (fig.), in sim. 133:2; 141:5. d. for anointing king, פַּךְ הַשּׁ׳ 1 S 10:1; 2 K 9:1, 3, cf. v 6, c. קֶרֶן 1 S 16:1, 13; 1 K 1:39; cf. בְּשׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו ψ 89:21. e. in various figs., of joy שׁ׳ שָׂשׂוֹן Is 61:3 ψ 45:8; soft words 55:22 Pr 5:3; as penetrating 109:18; as clear, transparent Ez 32:14. f. used in primitive worship, poured on stone Gn 28:18 (E), 35:14 (J). g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., שׁ׳ זַיִת among them, Ex 30:24, שׁ׳ הָמִּשְׁחָה 25:6 Lv 8:2, 10, 12 + 11 times; שׁ׳ מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ Ex 30:25(×2) + 2 times; שׁ׳ מ׳ י׳ Lv 10:7, שׁ׳ מ׳ אֱלֹהָיו 21:12; שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ Nu 35:25; שׁ׳ alone Lv 14:10 + 12 times Lv 14; for lighting Ex 25:6 + 6 times + שׁ׳ זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית Ex 27:20; Lv 24:2 (v. כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Lv 2:1 + 5 times, cf. 5:11 Nu 5:15; smeared (v. מָשַׁח) upon wafers Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? cf. בָּלַל) Ex 29:2; Lv 2:4, 5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳ Lv 2:7, etc. (c. 45 times in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳ Ex 29:23; Lv 8:26. h. for use in temple 1 Ch 9:29. i. for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Ez 45:14(×2) + 7 times 45, 46. †j. efficacy denied Mi 6:7. †k. offered to idols Is 57:9; Ez 16:18, 19; 23:41.—Vid. MacalisterHastDB Oil ARS KennedyEncy. Bib. Oil.

† זַ֫יִת n.m. ψ 52:10 olive-tree, olive (NH id.; Aramaic ܙܰܝܬܳܐ, זֵיתָא; Ethiopic ዘይት Arabic زَيْتُونٌ olive-tree, olive, زَيْتٌ olive-oil; v. LagM iii. 215 ff. HomAufsätze. u. Abh., 1892, 94, 99 ff.; √ dub.; Thes and most der. from assumed זהה be bright, fresh, luxuriant (v. sub זִו) + ת afformat. which is then treated as radical, cf. Sta§ 187 a; but this not certain, cf. Ol§ 119 b. 142 a; according to LagArmen. Stud. § 1347; ז׳ is Armen. loan-word, v. also LagMl.c.; LagBN 219, Anm.);—abs. ז׳ Gn 8:11, cstr. זֵית Dt 8:8 2 K 18:32; sf. זֵיתְךָ Dt 24:20, זֵיתֶ֑ךָ Ex 23:11 Dt 28:40; pl. זֵיתִים Dt 6:11, etc.;— 1. olive-tree Ju 9:8, 9 (personif., in Jotham’s fable), Ho 14:7 (sim. of beauty), Jb 15:33 (as casting off its flowers, sim. of wicked man); in 2 S 15:23 ins. הַזּ׳ אֲשֶׁר (before הַמִּדְבָּר, read בַּמּ׳) 𝔊L Dr; also pl. of two olive-trees Zc 4:3, 11; ז׳ רַעֲנָן ψ 52:10 fresh, (thriving) olive-tree (sim. of prosperity), so Je 11:16; עֲלֵה־ז׳ Gn 8:11 (J) olive-branch, spring, cf. Ne 8:15 (here + עֲלֵי עֵץ־שֶׁמֶן, etc.); also pl. שְׁתִלֵי זֵיתִים ψ 128:3 olive-shoots (sim. of children); שִׁבֲּלֵי זֵיתִים Zc 4:12 olive-branches (in Zech.’s vision); זַיִת in representative or coll. sense, = olive-trees, groups of growing olive-trees, as property, source of wealth, olive-yards Ex 23:11 (JE; + כֶּרֶם), Ju 15:5 (+ id.); עֵץ־הַזַּיִת Hg 2:19 (+ הַגֶּפֶן וְהַתְּאֵנָה וְהָרִמּוֹן); also in phr. כִּחֵשׁ מַעֲשֵׂה־זַיִת Hb 3:17 the bearing, yield, of olive-trees (‖ וּשְׁדֵמוֹת לֹא־עָשָׂה אֹכֶל cf. also תְּאֵנָה and גֶּפֶן יְבוּל v a); specif. זֵית שֶׁמֶן, oil-yielding olive-trees Dt 8:8 cf. 2 K 18:32; נֹקֶף ז׳ striking or beating of olive-trees Is 17:6; 24:13 (sim. of desolation at judgment of י׳), cf. כִּי תַחְבֹּט זֵיתְךָ Dt 24:20; rather more often pl.; Am 4:9 (‖ גַּנּוֹת, כְּרָמִים, תְּאֵנִים), 1 S 8:14 (‖ שָׂדוֹת, כְּרָמִים), cf. also Dt 6:11; 28:40a Jos 24:13 2 K 5:26 1 Ch 27:28 Ne 5:11; 9:25. 2. of fruit of olive-tree, olives: Dt 28:40b (c. שֶׁמֶן); תִּדְרֹךְ זַיִת Mi 6:15 (‖ שֶׁמֶן); also שֶׁמֶן זַיִת olive-oil Ex 27:20; 30:24 (P) Lv 24:2 (P). 3. in designations of place: מַעֲלֵה הַזֵּיתִים 2 S 15:30 the ascent of the olive-trees (𝔊 ἐν τῇ ἀναβάσει τῶν ἐλαιῶν = Mount of Olives); הַר־הַזֵּיתִים Zc 14:4(×2) (𝔊 τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν); the well-known hill E. of Jerus. (NT usually as Zc 14:4 𝔊, e.g. Mk 13:3; cf. also הָהָר 1 K 11:7 Ez 11:33 Ne 8:15; 𝔗 טוּר זֵיתַיָּא 2 K 23:13 cf. 2 S 15:30 Zc 14:4 etc.; 𝔗 Ct 8:5 טוּר מִשְׁחָא, and so Talm etc.)

ἐλαία, Attic dialect ἐλάα, ἡ, olive-tree, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἱερὴ ἐRefs 5th c.BC+ to run beyond the olives, which stood at the end of the Athenian racecourse, i.e. to go too far, Refs 5th c.BC+, ubi see Scholia; of the Indian Olea cuspidata, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 variety of δάφνη Refs 1st c.BC+ __II olive, Refs 5th c.BC+ —Acc. to Grammars ἐλάα was the proper form in this sense, ἐλαία in the first; but ἐλάα is simply the Attic dialect form,Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III naevus on the skin, Melamp.Refs __IV ={δίφρου Κυρηναϊκοῦ μέρος}, Refs 5th c.AD+, the penultimate is long, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ἐλᾰῶν in Refs 1st c.AD+

ἀγρι-έλαιος, ον, = {ἀγριελάινος}, σκυτάληRefs __II as substantive, ={ἀγριελαία}, NT+4th c.BC+

ἐλαι-ών, ῶνος, ὁ, olive-yard, LXX+3rd c.BC+ __II the Mount of Olives, Olivet, NT+1st c.AD+

καλλῐ-έλαιος, ἡ, garden olive, opposed to ἀγριέλαιος, NT:—feminine καλλῐ-ελαία, ἡ, Refs 3rd c.AD+: as adjective, κ. ἐλαία Refs 3rd c.BC+