1. tenant farmer, vinedresser — Tenant farmer or vinedresser working leased agricultural land, especially a vineyard. Found in the Synoptic vineyard parables (Mt 21:33-41; Mk 12:1-9; Lk 20:9-16) and John 15:1 where the Father is the vinedresser. Cross-linguistic evidence confirms a viticulture-specific sense: arb karramun (vine-dresser), heb koremim (vine-dressers), deu Weingaertner (vintner), fra vigneron (wine-grower), while spa labradores and kor nongbuduel are more generic. The Hebrew consistently uses the root k-r-m (vineyard) for these parabolic contexts, distinguishing them from general farming vocabulary. 17×
AR["-كَرَّامُ","الكَرَّامونَ","الكَرَّامينَ","فَلّاحونَ","فَلّاحينَ","كَرَّامينَ","لِفَلّاحينَ","لِكَرَّامينَ"]·ben["আলোচনা-করল","এই","চাষিদের","চাষিরা","চাষী","চাষীদের","চাষীরা","দাস","দূরে-গেল","শূন্য-হাতে"]·DE["Bauer","Weingärtner"]·EN["farmers","tenants","to-farmers","to-tenants","vinedresser"]·FR["vigneron"]·heb["הַ-כֹרְמִים","כֹּרְמִים","כֹּרֵם","כֹרְמִים","כּוֹרְמִים","לְ-כֹרְמִים","לְ-כוֹרְמִים"]·HI["किसान","किसानों","किसानों-का","किसानों-के","किसानों-को","किसानों-ने"]·ID["kepada-petani","kepada-petani-petani","pengusaha-kebun","petani-petani"]·IT["frutto"]·jav["dhateng-tani-tani","dhateng-tiyang-tani,","juru-tani","petani","tani-tani","tiyang-tani"]·KO["농부들","농부들-에게","농부들에게","농부들에게서","농부들은","농부들을","농부들이","농부이시다"]·PT["a-lavradores","a-lavradores,","agricultor","lavradores","lavradores,"]·RU["виноградарей","виноградари","виноградарь","виноградарям","виноградарям,"]·ES["a-labradores","labrador","labradores"]·SW["-","ambao","kupokea","kwa-wakulima","mkulima","wakati","wakulima","wale","walipomwona"]·TR["çiftçi","çiftçiler","çiftçilere","çiftçileri","çiftçilerin"]·urd["باغبان","باغبانوں","باغبانوں-کو","باغبانوں-کے","کاشتکاروں-سے","کاشتکاروں-نے","کاشتکاروں-کو","کاشتکاروں-کے","کسانوں","کسانوں-نے","کسانوں-کو"]
Matt 21:33, Matt 21:34, Matt 21:35, Matt 21:38, Matt 21:40, Matt 21:41, Mark 12:1, Mark 12:2, Mark 12:2, Mark 12:7, Mark 12:9, Luke 20:9 (+5 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. farmer — Farmer in the general agricultural sense, one who works the land for crops. Used in 2 Tim 2:6 (the hardworking farmer deserves first share of crops) and Jas 5:7 (the farmer waits for precious fruit of the earth). Cross-linguistic translations shift to general farming vocabulary: arb fallah (peasant farmer), heb ikkar (farmer/plowman), deu Bauer (farmer), while fra vigneron and spa labrador remain broader. The Hebrew ikkar specifically denotes a general cultivator rather than a vine-dresser, confirming a distinct semantic profile from the vineyard-tenant usage. 2×
AR["الفَلّاحُ"]·ben["কৃষক","কৃষককে"]·DE["Bauer"]·EN["farmer"]·FR["vigneron"]·heb["אִכָּר"]·HI["किसअन-को","किसान"]·ID["petani"]·IT["geōrgon","geōrgos"]·jav["juru-tani","tani"]·KO["농부-가","농부가"]·PT["lavrador"]·RU["земледелец","земледельцу"]·ES["labrador"]·SW["mkulima"]·TR["çiftçi","çiftçinin"]·urd["کسان","کسان-کو"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
γεωργ-ός, όν, (γῆ, ἔργον) tilling the ground, βοίδιον Refs 5th c.BC+; fertilizing, Νεῖλος Refs 4th c.AD+ —as substantive, γεωργός, ὁ, husbandman, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ γ., opposed to οἱ μισθαρνοῦντες, Refs 4th c.BC+; but γ., opposed to ὁ δεσπότης τοῦ χωρίου, Refs; so of vine-dressers, gardeners, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ὄχλος the peasantry, Refs 1st c.BC+; γ. βίος probably in Refs 5th c.BC+