βουνός G1015
hill, mound, small mountain, elevated ground
This noun denotes a hill or mound, a natural elevation smaller than a mountain but distinct from flat terrain. The Septuagint uses it to translate Hebrew terms for hills, often in poetic passages describing landscape. In the New Testament, Luke employs it twice in quotations. John the Baptist's preparatory ministry fulfills Isaiah's prophecy that 'every mountain and hill shall be made low' (Luke 3:5), symbolizing the leveling of obstacles before the Lord. Later, Jesus refers to a saying that people will call to the hills to cover them in times of divine judgment (Luke 23:30). Both uses carry symbolic weight beyond mere geography.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Luke 3:5 quotes Isaiah 40:4, including 'every hill' among the landscape features to be leveled in preparation for the Lord's coming—a metaphor for removing obstacles and preparing hearts. Luke 23:30 quotes Hosea 10:8, where people in terror of judgment will cry to the hills to cover them from God's wrath. Spanish 'colina/collados', French 'colline', and German forms maintain this topographical meaning. The two contexts use hills symbolically: as barriers to be removed for the Lord's approach (Luke 3) and as insufficient refuge from His judgment (Luke 23), showing how geographical features become theological metaphors. 2×
AR["تَلٍّ", "تِلالِ"]·ben["পাহাড়", "পাহাড়কে"]·DE["βουνοῖς", "βουνὸς"]·EN["hill", "hills"]·FR["colline"]·heb["גְּבָעוֹת", "גִּבְעָה"]·HI["टीला", "टीलों-से"]·ID["bukit", "bukit-bukit"]·IT["bounois", "bounos"]·jav["bukit", "gumuk"]·KO["언덕-이", "언덕들에게"]·PT["colina"]·RU["холм", "холмам"]·ES["colina", "collados"]·SW["kilima", "mlimamtiti"]·TR["tepe", "tepelere"]·urd["ٹیلا", "ٹیلوں"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
βουνός, ὁ, hill, mound, Cyrenaic word, accusative to LXX+5th c.BC+ __2 heap of stones, etc., LXX __II clot of blood, Refs 5th c.AD+ __III altar, Refs 5th c.AD+ __IV ={στιβάς} Refs 2nd c.AD+