G0460 G0460
without law, apart from law; in a state of not having or not following (Mosaic) law
This adverb describes the condition of being without law, specifically the Mosaic law in Paul's usage. Both occurrences are in Romans 2:12, where Paul establishes the principle that those who sinned without the law will perish without the law, while those under the law will be judged by it. The term indicates Gentiles who don't possess the Torah, contrasted with Jews who do. Classical usage meant illegally or without musical law (harmony). The New Testament theological use focuses on relation to Mosaic revelation. German ohne-Gesetz and Spanish sin-ley capture the 'without-law' sense.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Romans 2:12's doubled use establishes a symmetrical principle: those without law (Gentiles) face judgment appropriate to their position, just as those with law (Jews) do. Paul isn't saying lawlessness is acceptable, but that God judges justly according to what revelation people have received. The adverb ἀνόμως describes not moral anarchism but covenant status—being outside the Mosaic covenant community while still accountable to the natural law written on hearts (Rom 2:14-15). 2×
AR["بِدونِ-ناموسٍ"]·ben["বিধানহীনভাবে"]·DE["ohne-Gesetz"]·EN["without-law"]·FR["légalement"]·heb["בְּלִי-תּוֹרָה"]·HI["बिना-व्यवस्था"]·ID["tanpa-hukum"]·IT["senza-legge"]·jav["tanpa-angger-angger"]·KO["법없이"]·PT["sem-lei"]·RU["беззаконно"]·ES["sin-ley"]·SW["bila-sheria"]·TR["yasasiz"]·urd["بغیر-شریعت"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
Included with: ἄνομος, ον, lawless, impious, τράπεζαRefs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; of things, θυσίαRefs 4th c.BC+; πάθη E Refs 5th c.BC+lawless acts, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative -ώτεροςRefs 5th c.BC+. adverb -μωςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 with genitive, ἀ. θεοῦ, i.e. without (the Mosaic) Law and therefore without God, NTadverb ἀνόμως, ={χωρὶς νόμου}, NT __3 illegal, κατοχήRefs 2nd c.AD+ __II (νόμοςRefs unmusical, νόμος ἄ.Refs 4th c.BC+