Biblical Lexicon

ἄνθρωπος G0444

N-AMS | 555× in 2 senses

A human being, person; collectively, people or humankind -- the standard Greek term for a member of the human race.

The most common noun in the New Testament after theos, anthropos covers the full range of human reference: a specific individual ('a man came'), an indefinite person ('if anyone'), and humanity collectively ('the sons of men'). It frequently appears in Jesus' self-designation 'Son of Man' (ho huios tou anthropou) and in universal statements about the human condition (Matt 4:4, 'Man shall not live by bread alone'). All major translation traditions use their generic human term -- Spanish 'hombre,' French 'homme,' German 'Mensch' -- though the collective/generic sense often triggers a plural shift in target languages.

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Senses

1. [split] human being, person — An individual human being or person, whether named or indefinite, as distinct from God, angels, or animals. This dominant sense (469 occurrences) covers specific individuals (Matt 9:9, the call of Matthew), indefinite persons in parables and teachings (Matt 7:9, 'what man among you'), and the christological title 'Son of Man.' Cross-linguistically, all languages use their primary person-noun: spa 'hombre,' fra 'homme,' deu 'Mensch,' hin 'manushya.' Key passages: Matt 4:4 (human dependence on God's word), Matt 8:9 (the centurion as 'a man under authority'). 1×

PEOPLE_KINSHIP › People › Man and Humanity

AR["<إِنسانًا>", "إِنسانًا", "إِنسانٌ", "إِنسانِ", "إِنسَانٌ", "إِنسَانِ", "الإِنْسَانَ", "الإِنْسَانُ"]·ben["মানুষ", "মানুষ,", "মানুষকে", "মানুষের"]·DE["Mensch"]·EN["a-man", "man"]·FR["homme"]·heb["אִישׁ", "אָדָם", "הָאָדָם"]·HI["मनुश्य", "मनुश्य-कि", "मनुश्य-को", "मनुश्य-ने", "मनुष्य", "मनुष्य-के", "मनुष्य-को"]·ID["manusia", "manusia,", "orang", "seorang"]·IT["uomo"]·jav["Tiyang", "manungsa,", "manungsa.", "manungsa;", "tiyang", "tiyang,"]·KO["<사람-을>", "사람", "사람-을", "사람은", "사람을", "사람의", "사람이", "사람이라"]·PT["homem", "um-homem"]·RU["человек", "человека"]·ES["hombre"]·SW["mtu", "mtu,", "‹mtu›"]·TR["adam", "adam-mı", "adamı", "adamın", "insan", "insanı", "insanım"]·urd["آدمی", "آدمی-نے", "آدمی-کو", "آدمی-کی", "انسان"]

Matt 4:4, Matt 7:9, Matt 8:9, Matt 9:9, Matt 9:32, Matt 10:35, Matt 10:36, Matt 11:8, Matt 11:19, Matt 12:10, Matt 12:11, Matt 12:12 (+38 more)

1. individual human being, person — Split from sense 62398. Criteria: Indefinite or specific individual humans in narratives, parables, and teachings; generic 'a man' or 'someone'; Matt 7:9, 9:9, 4:4 381×

Matt 4:4, Matt 7:9, Matt 8:9, Matt 9:9, Matt 9:32, Matt 10:35, Matt 10:36, Matt 11:8, Matt 11:19, Matt 12:10, Matt 12:11, Matt 12:12 (+38 more)

2. people, humankind — People collectively or humankind in general, often in the plural hoi anthropoi or in generic singular statements about the human race. With 86 occurrences, this sense appears in universalizing contexts: 'so that they may see your good works' (Matt 5:16), 'while men slept' (Matt 13:25), 'every idle word that men speak' (Matt 12:36). The shift from individual to collective is visible in translations where languages like Spanish and German use plural forms ('hombres,' 'Menschen') to mark the generic reading. 86×

PEOPLE_KINSHIP › People › Man and Humanity

AR["أُناسٌ", "إِنْسَانَيْنِ", "الإِنْسَانَيْنِ", "النَّاسُ", "النّاسُ", "بَشَرٍ", "بَشَرُ", "ناسُ", "ناسِ", "نَاسُ", "نَاسِ", "نَّاسُ"]·ben["মানুষ", "মানুষদের", "মানুষরা", "মানুষেরা"]·DE["Mensch"]·EN["men"]·FR["homme"]·heb["אֲנָשִׁים", "הָאֲנָשִׁים", "שֶׁמָּסְרוּ"]·HI["इन", "मनुश्य", "मनुश्योन-के", "मनुष्य", "मनुष्यों-जिन्होंने", "मनुष्यों-ने", "लोग,", "हैं"]·ID["itu", "manusia", "orang", "orang-orang"]·IT["essere-umano", "uomo"]·jav["manungsa", "manungsa,", "tiyang", "tiyang,", "tiyang-tiyang"]·KO["사람들", "사람들-에게", "사람들-이", "사람들과", "사람들은", "사람들이", "사람들이다"]·PT["homens"]·RU["люди", "людьми", "людям"]·ES["hombres"]·SW["wanadamu", "watu", "watu,"]·TR["-o", "adamlar", "insanlar", "insanlar,"]·urd["آدمی", "آدمیوں", "آدمیوں-کا", "انسان", "اور", "لوگ", "لوگوں", "لوگوں-کے", "ویسے-ہی", "کیونکہ"]

Matt 7:12, Matt 8:27, Matt 12:36, Matt 13:25, Matt 15:9, Matt 16:13, Matt 16:23, Matt 17:22, Mark 7:7, Mark 8:27, Mark 8:33, Mark 9:31 (+38 more)

2. Son of Man (christological title) — Split from sense 62398. Criteria: The specific title 'ho huios tou anthropou' used of Jesus, carrying eschatological and messianic weight; distinct from generic person-reference 88×

AR["إِنسانِ", "إِنسَانِ", "الإِنسانِ", "الإِنْسَانِ", "الْإِنْسَانُ", "الْإِنْسَانِ"]·ben["মানুষ", "মানুষকে", "মানুষের"]·DE["Mensch"]·EN["man"]·FR["homme"]·heb["אָדָם", "הָאָדָם"]·HI["मनुश्य", "मनुश्य-क", "मनुश्य-के", "मनुष्य", "मनुष्य-का"]·ID["Manusia", "manusia"]·IT["uomo"]·jav["Manungsa", "Manungsa,", "Manungsa.", "manungsa", "manungsa;", "manungsa?", "tiyang"]·KO["사람", "사람-에게", "사람-의", "사람-이", "사람의"]·PT["homem"]·RU["Человеческий", "Человеческого", "человек", "человека", "человеку"]·ES["hombre"]·SW["-wa-mtu", "Mtu", "Mtu,", "Mtu.", "atasalitiwa", "juu-ya", "mtu"]·TR["adam", "adama", "İnsanoğlu", "İnsanoğlu'nun", "İnsanın"]·urd["آدم", "آدمی", "آدمی-پر", "انسان", "انسان-کا", "انسان-کے"]

Matt 8:20, Matt 9:6, Matt 10:23, Matt 11:19, Matt 12:8, Matt 12:32, Matt 12:40, Matt 13:37, Matt 13:41, Matt 16:13, Matt 16:27, Matt 16:28 (+38 more)

BDB / Lexicon Reference

ἄνθρωπος, ἡ, Attic dialect crasis ἅνθρωπος, Ionic dialect ὥνθρωπος, for ὁ ἄνθρ-:— man, both as a generic term and of individuals, Refs 8th c.BC+, opposed to gods, ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ᾽ ἀνθρώπωνRefs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς ἠοίων ἢ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων the men of the east or of the west, Refs 8th c.BC+; even of the dead in the Isles of the Blest,Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 Refs 5th c.BC+ uses it both…