Senses
1. struggle, conflict — This sense covers the general meaning of struggle, fight, or conflict as a noun. S61271 and S61272 are merged because the multilingual glosses overlap substantially: English 'struggle' and 'fight', Spanish 'lucha / conflicto' and 'pelea / lucha', Arabic 'جهاد' in both clusters, Korean '싸움을' in both, Hindi 'संघर्ष' and 'लड़ाई', and Swahili 'mapambano' (struggles) and 'vita' (war/fight). The two clusters simply represent different contextual nuances of the same struggle/contest domain, not genuinely distinct lexicographic senses. 5×
AR["الجِهادَ","الجِهادِ","جِهادًا","جِهادَ","جِهادِ"]·ben["লড়াই","সংগ্রাম","সংগ্রামে"]·DE["Kampf"]·EN["fight","struggle"]·FR["Kampf"]·heb["מַאֲבָק"]·HI["लदअयि","लदऐ","सनघरश"]·ID["pergumulan","perjuangan","pertandingan"]·IT["lotta"]·jav["peprangan","perjuangan","perjuangan.","perjuwangan"]·KO["싸움-을","싸움을","투쟁으로."]·PT["combate","luta"]·RU["бой","борении","подвиг","подвигом"]·ES["conflicto","lucha","pelea"]·SW["mapambano","mengi","vita"]·TR["mucadele","mucadeleyi","mücadele","mücadeleyi"]·urd["جدوجہد","جدوجہد-کو","لڑائی"]
2. race (athletic contest) — This sense captures the athletic metaphor of a race or competition to be run, distinct from the general struggle sense. The multilingual evidence clearly differentiates it: English 'race', Spanish 'carrera' (race/course, not 'lucha'), Arabic 'سباق' (race, completely different from 'جهاد'), Korean '경주를' (race, distinct from '싸움'), Hindi 'दौड़ में' (running race), and Swahili 'mashindano' (competition). This Hebrews 12:1 usage specifically evokes the athletic arena metaphor, a recognized distinct sense in standard lexica (BDAG, Louw-Nida). 1×
AR["سِبَاق"]·ben["দৌড়"]·DE["Kampf"]·EN["race"]·FR["Kampf"]·heb["מֵרוֹץ"]·HI["दौड़-में"]·ID["perlombaan,"]·IT["lotta"]·jav["lomba"]·KO["경주-를"]·PT["carreira"]·RU["поприще"]·ES["carrera"]·SW["mashindano"]·TR["yarışı"]·urd["دوڑ-میں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀγών [ᾰ], ῶνος, ὁ, Aeolic dialect ἄγωνος, ου, ὁ, Refs 7th c.BC+; Elean dative plural ἀγώνοιρRefs: (ἄγω):—gathering, assembly, ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+: especially assembly met to see games, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; Ὑπερβορέων ἀ. Pi Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 place of contest, lists, course, βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+ out of the lists or course, i.e. beside the mark, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II…