Struggle and Contest

† [רָצַץ] vb. crush (NH = BH; Arabic رَضَّ bruise, bray, crush; Aramaic רְעַע, ܪܰܥ crush, shatter);— Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. רַצּוֹתָנוּ 1 S 12:4; 1 s. רַצּוֹתִי v 3; Impf. 3 ms. יָרוּץ (Ges§ 67 q) Is 42:4 (Cod. Bab. יֵרוֹץ, Niph., so SS here and Ec 12:6 a), 3 fs. תָּרוּץ Ec 12: 6 a, 1 s. אָרֻץ ψ 18:30 = אָרוּץ 2 S 22:30 (v. רוּץ); Pt. act. fpl. רֹצְצוֹת Am 4:1; pass. רָצוּץ Is 42:3 +, cstr. רְצוּץ Ho 5:11; pl. רְצוּצִים Is 58:6;—crush: 1. lit., a. pt. pass. in (הַ)קָּנֶה (הַ)רָצוּץ 2 K 18:21; = Is 36:6, Is 42:3 (all metaph. of weak pers.). b. impf. intrans.get crushed (read תֵּרוֹץ?), of bowl Ec 12:6 a (in metaph.). 2. fig. crush, oppress, acc. pers. 1 S 12:3, 4; Am 4:1; pt. pass. Dt 28:33, as subst. the oppressed Is 58:6; רְצוּץ מִשְׁפָּט Ho 5:11 (We Now רֹצֵץ, i.e. suppressing judgment, but dub.); intrans. get crushed (read יֵרוֹץ?), of servant of י׳, under fig. of wick, Is 42:4 (+ יִכְהֶה) he shall not grow dim or be crushed out. Niph. be crushed, broken: Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנָרֹץ (Ges§ 67 t) Ec 12:6 b (of wheel at cistern); Impf. 2 ms. תֵּרוֹץ Ez 29:7 (of Pharaoh as reed, cf. Qal 1 a); Jb 20:10 read perhaps יֵרֹצּוּ (for יְרַצּוּ, v. רצה Pi.), are crushed (as) poor men, Bu, cf. Hoffm SS Gerber.—Is 42:4 Ec 12:6 a v. Qal. Pi. crush in pieces: 1. lit. (in metaph.) Pf. 2 ms. רִצַּצְתָּ ψ 74:14 c. acc. rei 2. fig. = grievously oppress, 3 ms. רִצַּץ Jb 20:19; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְרַצֵּץ מִן הָעָם 2 Ch 16:10. Pōʿēl Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְרֹצְצוּ Ju 10:8, acc. pers. (= Pi. 2; ‖ רעץ; רצץ here perhaps doublet, so GFMHpt, cf. Bu Now). Hiph. Impf. 3 fs. וַתָּ֫רִץ (Köi. 352; BaZMG xliii (1889), 181 thinks Qal) Ju 9:53 she crushed his skull. Hithpōʿ. recipr., Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְרֹצֲצוּ הַבָּנִים בְּקִרְבָּהּ (ץְ Gi) Gn 25:22 (J) the children crushed one another within her.

στάδιος [ᾰ], α, ον, (ἵστημι) standing fast and firm, σ. ὑσμίνη close fight, fought hand to hand, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐνὶ σταδίῃ (i.e. ὑσμίνῃ) Refs 8th c.BC+, compare σταδαῖο; [πῖδαξ] σταδίη μένει, of a spring from which no water flows, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __2 firm, fixed, θάλαμοι Refs 5th c.BC+. immobility, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 standing upright or straight, σ. χιτών,= ὀρθοστάδιον, an ungirt tunic hanging in straight plaits, Refs 3rd c.BC+, compare στατό; θώραξ σ. a stiff breastplate, plate-armour, opposed to στρεπτός or ἁλυσιδωτός, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II (ἵστημι A.IV) weighed, Refs 2nd c.BC+

ἀγών [ᾰ], ῶνος, ὁ, Aeolic dialect ἄγωνος, ου, ὁ, Refs 7th c.BC+; Elean dative plural ἀγώνοιρRefs: (ἄγω):—gathering, assembly, ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+: especially assembly met to see games, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; Ὑπερβορέων ἀ. Pi Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 place of contest, lists, course, βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+ out of the lists or course, i.e. beside the mark, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II assembly of the Greeks at the national games, ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίῃ ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+:— hence, contest for a prize at the games, ἀ. γυμνικός, ἱππικός, μουσικός, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τῶν ἀνδρῶν contest in which the chorus was composed of men, opposed to to παίδων or ἀγενείων (which see), Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀ. στεφανηφόρος or στεφανίτης contest where the prize is a crown, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. χάλκεος, where it is a shield of brass, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀργυρίτης δωρίτηςRefs 1st c.AD+ —hence many phrases, ἀγῶνα καταστῆσαι establish a contest, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς ἀ. νικᾶνRefs 5th c.BC+; of contests in general, εἰς ἀ. λόγων ἀφικέσθαι τινίRefs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τίν᾽ ἀγῶνας τιθέμεσθ᾽ ἀρετῆ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __III generally, struggle, πολλοὺς ἀ. ἐξιών, of Hercules, Refs 5th c.BC+; ψυχῆς ἀ. τὸν προκείμενον πέρι struggle for life and death, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 battle, action, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 action at law, trial, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 speech delivered in court or before an assembly or ruler, πρεσβευτικοὶ ἀ.Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἀ. ἐσχηματισμένοιRefs 1st c.BC+ __III.4.b Rhet., main argument of a speech (opposed to προοίμιον, ἐπίλογος), in plural, Syr.Refs __III.5 metaphorically, οὐ λόγων ἔθ᾽ ἁγών now is not the time for words, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ἕδρας ἀ. 'tis no time for sitting still, Refs; ἀ. πρόφασιν οὐ δέχεται the crisis admits no dallying, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέγας ὁ ἀ... τὸ χρηστὸν ἢ κακὸν γενέσθαι the issue is great.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ περί τινος ὁ ἀ. the question is not about.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.6 mental struggle, anxiety, NT+5th c.BC+ __III.6.b of speakers, vehemence, power, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __IV personified, Ἀγών, divinity of the contest, Refs 2nd c.AD+

δρόμος, ὁ, (δραμεῖν) course, race, in Il.mostly of horses, ἵπποισι τάθη δρόμος Refs; οὐρίῳ δρόμῳ with prosperous course, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἅπαντι χρῆσθαι τῷ δρόμῳ at full speed, Refs 2nd c.AD+: of any quick movement, e. g. flight, Refs 4th c.BC+ a day's running, i. e. the distance one can go in a day, Refs 5th c.BC+; δρόμῳ at a run, frequently with Verbs of motion, δρόμῳ διαβάντας τὸν Ἀσωπόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 foot-race, as a contest, Refs to run for one's life, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, contest, πλαγᾶν δρόμος, i. e. a pugilistic contest, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 lap in a race, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 in speaking, rapid delivery, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II place for running, δρόμοι εὐρέες runs for cattle, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 racecourse, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 public walk, ἐν εὐσκίοις δ. Ἀκαδήμου Refs 5th c.BC+; colonnade, Refs 5th c.BC+cloister, Refs 5th c.BC+; in Crete, ={γυμνάσιον}, Refs 3rd c.BC+; δύ᾽ ἢ τρεῖς δρόμους περιεληλυθότε having taken two or three turns in the cloister, Refs 5th c.BC+[same place]; in Egypt, avenue of Sphinxes at entrance of temples, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.4 orchestra in the theatre (Tarentum dialect), Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.5 metaphorically, ἔξω δρόμου or ἐκτὸς δρόμου φέρεσθαι get off the course, i. e. wander from the point, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδέν ἐστ᾽ ἔξω δρόμου 'tis not foreign to the purpose, Refs __III δ. δημόσιος, = Latin cursus publicus, Refs 6th c.AD+; δ. ὀξύς, = Latin cursus velox, Refs 4th c.AD+

συναθλέω, ={συναγωνίζομαι},{τινι} with one, NT; struggle together, τινι for a thing, Refs __II impress by practice upon, μεταφορᾶς μνήμῃ συνηθλημένης Refs 1st c.BC+

ἀγων-ία, ἡ, contest, struggle for victory, ἀγὼν διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχωνRefs 5th c.BC+; ἅπασαν ἀ. ἐκτεἶναι [Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 gymnastic exercise, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, exercise, Refs __3 of the mind, agony, anguish, ἐν φόβῳ καὶ πολλῇ ἀ.Refs 4th c.BC+

ἄθλ-ησις, ἡ, contest, combat, especially of athletes, Refs 2nd c.BC+; κατὰ τὴν ἄ. 'in the athletic world', Refs 3rd c.AD+; training, practice, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2 generally, struggle, trial, ἄ. ὑπομένεινNT

πάλη [ᾰ], ἡ, __A wrestling, Refs 8th c.BC+; παίδων, ἐφήβων νεωτέρων, μέσων, πρεσβυτέρων, ἀνδρῶν π., Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.2 generally, fight, battle, ἅπτειν πάλην τινί Refs 5th c.BC+

πυκτ-εύω, Boeotian dialect πουκτ-, box, spar, NT+6th c.BC+; ἐς σὸν κρᾶτα π. strike with the fist on the head, Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, fight, ξιφήρη π. Refs 3rd c.AD+; of gladiators, Refs:—middle, πεπύκτευται αὐτόν Refs 2nd c.AD+

† מֵרוֹץ n.[m.] running; race;—abs. Ec 9:11.

† [שְׁדַר] vb. Hithpa. struggle, strive (𝔗 id. Pa. wrestle, Ithpa. be recalcitrant, also שְׁדַל Ithpa. strive, and so NH שָׁדַל (ל for ר), Syriac ܫܕܰܠ beguile, especially Pa., v. NöZMG xl (1886), 735);—Pt. מִשְׁתַּדַּר Dn 6:15 he was striving, sq. Inf.