Paul lists this among the emotional responses his severe letter produced in the Corinthian church: 'what indignation!' (2 Corinthians 7:11). The noun derives from 'aganakteō' (to be greatly grieved or indignant), which in classical Greek could describe physical irritation (like teething pain) or emotional vexation. Here it represents righteous anger at sin—the Corinthians became indignant at the wrongdoing in their midst once it was exposed. This moral outrage was a mark of their genuine repentance, showing their values had realigned.