Turning Away and Perverting

† הָפַךְ vb. turn, overturn (NH id., Aramaic הֲפַךְ, ܗܦܰܟ, Arabic أَفَكَ WSG 47, Assyrian abâku, apâku DlW)— Qal Pf. Lv 13:3 + 13 times; וְהָפַךְ consec. 2 K 21:13 Jb 34:25; 3 mpl. הָֽפְכוּ ψ 78:9; הֲפַכְתֶּם Am 6:12 Je 23:36, etc.; Impf. יַהֲפֹךְ La 3:3 Je 13:23; וַיַּהֲפֹךְ Gn 19:25 + 6 times; וַיַּהֲפָךְ־ 1 S 10:9; sf. וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ Ju 7:13; 3 fs. וַתַּהֲפֹךְ 2 Ch 9:12; אֶהְפֹּךְ Zp 3:9; וַיַּהַפְכוּ 1 S 25:12 Jb 12:15; Imv. הֲפֹךְ 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, Inf. abs. הָפוֹךְ Pr 12:7; cstr. הֲפֹךְ Gn 19:29 1 Ch 19:3; sf. הָפְכִּי Gn 19:21; הָפְכָהּ 2 S 10:3;—on הַפְכְּכֶם (so Baer, q.v.) Is 29:16, v. הֶ֫פֶךְ" dir="rtl" >הֶפֶךְ; Pt. act. הֹפֵךְ Am 5:8; הַהֹפְכִי ψ 114:8; pl. הַהֹפְכִים Am 5:7; pass. הֲפוּכָה Ho 7:8 La 4:6.— 1. trans. a. turn, turn about, turn over, c. acc.: e.g. turn the back (עֹרֶף) Jos 7:8 (JE); a dish עַל־פָּנֶיהָ (צַלַּחַת) 2 K 21:13; the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33, 2 K 9:23; but also (sq. בְּ) of hostility La 3:3; turn a cake (pass.) Ho 7:8; of י׳, ה׳ שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה Zp 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, sq. אֶל־עַמִּים; לֵב אַחֵר 1 S 10:9 another heart, sq. לוֹ; turn a wind (רוּחַ; i.e. bring from different quarter) Ex 10:19 (J). b. overturn, overthrow, sq. acc. Sodom, etc., Gn 19:21, 25, 29 (J), Dt 29:22 Je 20:16 La 4:6 (cf. מַהְפֵּכַת וגו׳ Am 4:11 v. infr.; also הֲפֵכָה, [מַהְפֵּכָה]); city of Ammon 2 S 10:3 = 1 Ch 19:3 (obj. om.); mountains Jb 9:5; 28:9; throne Hg 2:22 (‖ הִשְׁמִיד), chariots v 22; tent (אֹהֶל), ה׳ לְמַ֫עְלָה Ju 7:13; obj. earth (ה׳ = devastate) Jb 12:15; wicked men Am 4:11 (הָפַכְתִּי בָּכֶם כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת־סְדֹם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָה) Pr 12:7 Jb 34:25 (obj. om.). c. turn = change, transform (1) sq. acc. = alter; a colour (עֵינוֹ) Lv 13:55 (P); skin Je 13:23; bed (מִשְׁכָּבוֹ v. מ׳; Che his lying down) ψ 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert דִּבְרֵי אֱלֹהִים Je 23:36; (3) sq. acc. c. Inf. ψ 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, sq. two acc. Lv 13:10 ψ 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually sq. acc. + לְ, ψ 66:6 sea into dry land, ψ 78:44 rivers into blood, cf. 105:29; Je 31:13 mourning into joy, so ψ 30:12; Am 5:7 justice into wormwood, cf. 6:12; 8:10 feasts into mourning; Dt 23:6 = Ne 13:2 curse into blessing; Am 5:8 death-shade into morning. 2. intrans. a. turn, turn back, Ju 20:39, 41 2 K 5:26 ψ 78:9 2 Ch 9:12; sq. לדרך 1 S 25:12; b. turn = change, change into, sq. pred. adj. ה׳ לָבָן turn white Lv 13:3, 4, 13, 20 (all P). Niph. Pf. נֶהְפַּךְ Ex 7:15 + 10 times; נֶהְפָּ֑ךְ Jb 20:14; וְנֶהְפַּךְ consec. Lv 13:16; נֶהֶפְכָה La 5:2; 3 mpl. נֶהְפְּכוּ Jb 19:19 + 3 times, נֶהֶפְכוּ 1 S 4:19 Dn 10:16, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ consec. Ex 7:17 Is 34:9, etc.; Impf. יֵהָפֵךְ Is 60:5 Jo 3:4; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ Ex 14:5 Is 63:10; 2 ms. תֵּהָפֵךְ Jb 30:21 Ez 4:8; וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ Ex 7:20; Inf. abs. נַהֲפוֹךְ Est 9:1; Pt. נֶהְפָּךְ Pr 17:20; נֶהְפָּ֑כֶת Jon 3:4;— 1. reflex. & intrans. a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (cf. Qal 2 a) Jos 8:20 (JE); turn aside ψ 78:57; turn from side to side Ez 4:8; pains turned upon (עַל) her 1 S 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) cf. Dn 10:16; turn against sq. בְּ Jb 19:19; turn to(ward), sq. עַל, Is 60:5 (‖ בא לְ). b. turn = change (oneself) sq. pred. adj. Lv 13:25 (P); sq. pred. noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Je 2:21; no pred. expressed Jb 20:14 (cf. v b); of heart turned in compassion Ho 11:8 (‖ נִכְמְרוּ נִחוּמָ֑י), in sorrow, distress, La 1:20; of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (sq. אֶל) Ex 14:5 (J) = change of mind; sq. לְ, of plague spots changing colour Lv 13:16, 17 (P); rod changing to serpent Ex 7:15 (P); faces to paleness Je 30:6; dance to mourning La 5:15; comeliness to corruption Dn 10:8; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֹיֵב Is 63:10 Jb 30:21. c. be perverse, only pt. used subst. נֶהְפָּךְ בִּלְשׁוֹנוֹ Pr 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue. 2. pass., a. be turned, turned over to sq. לְ, an inheritance to strangers La 5:2. b. be reversed Est 9:1. c. be turned, changed, sq. לְ, waters into blood Ex 7:17, 20 (E); Saul into another man 1 S 10:6; streams into pitch Is 34:9; sun to darkness Jo 3:4; stones to chaff Jb 41:20; month changed from sorrow to gladness Est 9:22; cf. ψ 32:4 where complem. om. d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jon 3:4. e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Jb 28:5 = there is an upturning. Hithp. Impf. 3 fs. תִּתְהַפֵּךְ Jb 38:14; Pt. מִתְהַפֵּךְ Ju 7:13 Jb 37:12; מִתְהַפֶּכֶת Gn 3:24;—reflex. & intrans.: 1. turn this way & that, every way, of the flaming sword Gn 3:24 (J); storm-cloud Jb 37:12; turn over & over Ju 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian. 2. transform oneself, Jb 38:14 of earth under rising dawn. Hoph. Pf. הָהְפַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֹת Jb 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (cf. הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ v 14, of foes).

ἀπο-στρέφω, Doric dialect aorist ἀποστράψαιRefs; Ionic dialect aorist ἀποστρέψασκεRefs 8th c.BC+: perfect ἀπέστροφαLXX:—passive and middle, future -στρέψομαιRefs 5th c.BC+aorist -εστράφην [ᾰRefs 5th c.BC+ later -εστρεψάμην LXX+5th c.BC+: future -στρᾰφήσομαιLXX: perfect -έστραμμαιRefs 5th c.BC+pluperfect -εστράφατοRefs; -έστρεμμαιRefs 3rd c.BC+: —turn back: hence, either turn to flight, ὄφρ᾽.. Ἀχαιοὺς αὖτις ἀποστρέψῃσινRefs 8th c.BC+; or turn back from flight, Refs 5th c.BC+; send home again, Refs 5th c.BC+; ῥῆμα bring back word, LXX; ἀποστρέψαντε πόδας καὶ χεῖρας having twisted back the hands and feet so as to bind them, Refs 8th c.BC+; guide back again, ἀποστρέψαντες ἔβαν νέαςRefs 8th c.BC+; ἴχνι᾽ ἀποστρέψας having turned the steps of the oxen backwards so as to make it appear that they had gone the other way, Refs; turn away, avert, αὐχέν᾽ ἀποστρέψαςRefs 6th c.BC+; bring back, recall, ἐξ ἰσθμοῦRefs 5th c.BC+; φῶτας ἀπέστρεψεν Περσεφόνης θαλάμων [Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 turn away or aside, divert, variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; ὕδατα cut off water from a besieged town, Refs 3rd c.BC+; τὸν πόλεμον ἐς ΜακεδονίανRefs 2nd c.AD+; avert a danger, an evil, etc., πῆμ᾽ ἀ. νόσουRefs 4th c.BC+; prevent, Refs 1st c.AD+; rebut, δίκηνRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 ἀ. τινά τινος dissuade from, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II as if intransitive (i.e. ἑαυτόν, ἵππον, ναῦν, etc.), turn back, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 turn away or aside, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a river, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B passive, to be turned back, ἀπεστράφθαι τοὺς ἐμβόλους, of ships, to have their beaks bent back, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀποστραφῆναι.. τὼ πόδε to have one's feet twisted, Refs 5th c.BC+closecurled, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II middle and passive, turn oneself from or away, ἀπεστραμμέναι ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλωνRefsback to back, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.II.1 turn one's face away from, abandon, with accusative, Refs 7th c.BC+; ἀπεστραμμένοι λόγοι hostile words, Refs 5th c.BC+to be alienated, Refs 1st c.BC+ __B.II.2 turn oneself about, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀποστραφῆναι λυγιζόμενος escape by wriggling, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 ἀποστραφῆναί τινος fall off from one, desert him, Refs 5th c.BC+

διαστρέφω, turn different ways, twist about, τὰ σώματα, as in the dance, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τὸ πρόσωπον to distort it, Refs 1st c.AD+:—mostly passive, to be distorted or twisted, of the eyes, limbs, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; to be warped, τὰ διεστραμμένα τῶν ξύλων Refs 4th c.BC+: also of persons, to have one's eyes distorted, or to have one's neck twisted (Scholl. give both interpretations), εὐδαιμονίζω δ᾽ εἰ διαστραφήσομα; Refs 5th c.BC+; of the eyes, διεστράφην ἰδών Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ διεστραμμένος, opposed to ὁ τυφλός, Refs 5th c.BC+; διεστρ. τοὺς πόδας with the feet twisted, Refs 4th c.BC+; διεστράφησαν τὸν στόμαχον had their stomachs turned, Refs 4th c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, distort, pervert, [τρόπον χρηστόν] Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν διαστρεφόντων (i.e. παθῶν) Refs 1st c.BC+; διαστρέψαντες τἀληθῆ having misrepresented it, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, διαστραφῆναι τὴν διάνοιαν Refs 2nd c.AD+perverse, LXX __II turn aside, divert, ἴχνος τὸ πρόσθεν φρενῶν Refs 4th c.BC+ __III obscene meaning, ={βινεῖν}, Refs 5th c.BC+

μετατίθημι, future -θήσω:—middle, future - θήσομαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __I place among, τῷ κ᾽ οὔ τι τόσον κέλαδον μετέθηκε (variant{μεθέηκεν}) then he would not have caused so much noise among us, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II place differently, __II.1 in local sense, transpose, change the place of, τὰ αἰδοῖα εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν Refs 5th c.BC+; μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν (i.e. τὸν Ἑνώχ) ὁ θεός LXX:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+; to be transferred, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II.2 in Logic, μ. τὸ συμπέρασμα alter a conclusion to its contrary, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 change, alter, of a treaty, μεταθεῖναι ὅπῃ ἂν δοκῇ ἀμφοτέροις Foed. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ ὑὸς τὰς ἐπωνυμίας μ. change their names and call them after swine, Refs 5th c.BC+; substitute, προφάσεις ἀντὶ τῶν ἀληθῶν ψευδεῖς μ. Refs 5th c.BC+; correct, τοὺς ἠγνοηκότας Refs 2nd c.BC+; but, pervert, μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ LXX __II.4 middle, change what is one's own or for oneself, μ. τὰ εἰρημένα Refs 5th c.BC+; νόμουςRefs 4th c.BC+; ὀνόματα change the use of words, Refs 4th c.BC+ G. (also in active, Refs; [τὸ νόμισμα] Refs 4th c.BC+: absolutely, change one's opinion, retract, Refs 5th c.BC+; μεταθέσθω let him change his mind, Refs 4th c.BC+; also in political sense, change sides, μεταθέσθαι πρὸς τὴν Ῥωμαίων αἵρεσιν Refs 2nd c.BC+; Dionysius of Heraclea, who went over from the Stoics to the Cyrenaics, was called μεταθέμενος, turn-coat, LXX+1st c.AD+ __II.4.b τὴν γνώμην μετατίθεσθαι change to or adopt a new opinion, Refs 5th c.BC+ change from.., Refs 2nd c.AD+; μετέθου λύσσαν ἄρτι σωφρονῶν thou hast changed to madness, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. τὸ ὄνομα τὸ νῦν ἀπὸ τῶν αἰγῶν adopted their present name, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.4.c μ. [τὸν φόβον] transfer one's fear, Refs 4th c.BC+; τῇ μισθαρνίᾳ ταῦτα μετατιθέμενος τὰ ὀνόματα transferring.., Refs __II.4.d with infinitive, μ. ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπλήστως.. ἔχοντος βίου τὸν κοσμίως.. ἔχοντα βίον ἑλέσθαι change one's mind and determine to choose.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4.e with double accusative, τὸ κείνων κακὸν τῷδε κέρδος μ. turning their misdeeds into his gain, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 passive, to be changed, alter, μετετέθην εὐβουλίᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. ἐς Ῥωμαίους pass over, Refs 2nd c.AD+; μ. ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς are turned away from.., NT

ἐκτρέπω, Ionic dialect ἐκ-τράπω [ᾰ], turn out of the course, turn aside, τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὸ ῥέεθρον Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑαυτοῦ μιαρίαν εἴς τινα ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive and middle, turn off o_ aside, ἐκτραπέσθαι ὁδὸν μακροτέρην Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, turn aside from, τοῦ πρόσθεν λόγου Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 turn a person off the road, order him out of the way, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive (future -τραπήσομαιRefs 2nd c.AD+middle, ἐκτρέπεσθαί τινα get out of one's way, Refs 5th c.BC+; avoid, τὸν ἔλεγχον Refs 2nd c.BC+: with infinitive, ὀφθῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 τὴν δρῶσαν ἐ. prevent her from acting, Refs __4 ἀσπίδας θύρσοις ἐ. turn shields and flee before the thyrsus, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II middle, turn away, φίλους Refs 3rd c.AD+; also ἐκτρέπεσθαι τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκτός turns itself inside out, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III in Medicine texts in passive, to be diverted or everted, Refs 5th c.BC+ (perhaps to be put out of joint, NT __IV turn or change, εἴς ἄσπορον Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν ἐκτραπῆναι Refs 2nd c.BC+ __V passive, to be brought to birth, Astrology texts technical term, Vett. Val.Refs

μετα-στρέφω, aorist passive -εστρέφθην Refs 8th c.BC+:— turn about, turn round, τῶ κε Ποσειδάων.. αἶψα μεταστρέψειε νόον Refs 8th c.BC+: —middle, μεταστρέφεσθαι πρὸς τὸ μαλθακώτερον Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, turn oneself about, turn about, whether to face the enemy, στῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθείς Refs 8th c.BC+; or to flee, τῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν Refs 8th c.BC+; simply, turn round, Refs 5th c.BC+; turn about (to see if any one follows), Refs 5th c.BC+; recur, ἐπὶ τὰ προειρημένα Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 turn round, retort, αἰτίας Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 twist or turn all ways, πάντα μεταστρέφοντα λόγον βασανίζειν Refs 5th c.BC+; turn upside down, ἅπαντα μ. τύχη Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, τἄνω κάτω ὁ βίος μεταστραφείς Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 misrepresent, [δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἀδικίας] τὴν δύναμιν Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, change, alter, τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἔστι μεταστρέψαι Refs 4th c.BC+; invert, τὰ τοῦ Ξενοφάνους Refs:—passive, ὁρᾷς γὰρ τἄμ᾽ ὅσῳ μετεστράφη how my fortunes are changed, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 ἀντὶ τοῦ ἰῶτα ἦτα μ. use one for another, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II intransitive, turn another way, change one's ways, ἦ τι μεταστρέψει; Refs 8th c.BC+aorist participle μεταστρέψας contrariwise, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 turn so as to punish or avenge, of the gods, μή τι μεταστρέψωσιν ἀγασσάμενοι κακὰ ἔργα Refs 8th c.BC+ (unless transitive, turn back (upon the sinners),Refs __II.3 with genitive, care for, regard, Refs 5th c.BC+

νοσφ-ίζω, Attic dialect future νοσφῐῶ Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist I ἐνόσφισα Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future νοσφίσομαι Refs 2nd c.BC+; Epic dialect νοσφίσσομαι Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist ἐνοσφισάμην, Epic dialect νοσφισάμην, νοσφισσάμην (see. below): perfect νενόσφισμαι Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, aorist ἐνοσφίσθην Refs 8th c.BC+ __I Refs 8th c.BC+ only middle and passive, turn away, shrink back, νοσφισθείς Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 with genitive, turn away from, τίφθ᾽ οὕτω πατρὸς νοσφίζεα; Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.3 with accusative, forsake, abandon, παῖδά τ᾽ ἐμὴν νοσφισσαμένην θάλαμόν τε πόσιν τε Refs 8th c.BC+; νοσφισθεῖσα θεῶν ἀγορήν Refs 7th c.BC+; εἴ σε νοσφίζομαι if I forsake thee, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II after Refs 8th c.BC+ in active, set apart, separate, remove, τινὰ ἐκ δόμων Refs 5th c.BC+; τινα Refs 3rd c.BC+ separate him from life, i. e. kill him, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ νύ μ᾽.. ἐκ βιότοιο νοσφίσατ᾽ (imperative) ἐσσυμένως Refs 4th c.AD+; ν. τινά alone, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 deprive, rob, τινά τι one of a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; γέροντ᾽ ἄπαιδα νοσφίσας, i. e. ὥστε ἄπαιδα εἶναι, Refs __II.3 middle, put aside for oneself, appropriate, purloin, νοσφίσασθαι ὁπόσα ἂν βουλώμεθα Refs 5th c.BC+perfect passive, νενοσφισμένος πολλά Str.[same place],compare Refs 1st c.AD+ appropriate part of.., NT+3rd c.BC+ __III middle in active sense, deprive, rob, σφ᾽ ἀδελφὸς χρημάτων νοσφίζεται Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 in later poets, remove, τοὺς.. ἀπὸ Ξάνθοιο.. πνοιαὶ νοσφίσσαντο Refs 2nd c.AD+ —Rare in _Attic dialect_ Prose.

† II. [סוּג, שׂוּג] vb. fence about (Aramaic word; ܣܘܓ, ܣܳܓ sepsit, circumsepsit, clausit, ܣܝܳܓܳܐ sepes, cf. 𝔗 סיג Pa. fence about, סְיָיגָא fence; NH סוג fence about; Arabic سَيَاجٌ enclosure made with thorns, etc., around grape-vines, etc. Lane1460, سوّج ii. make a سِيَاجٌ );—only Qal Pt. pass. f. בִּטְנֵךְ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים סוּגָה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים Ct 7:3 thy body a heap of wheat fenced about with lilies (cf. especially De Bu). Pilp. intens. Impf. 2 fs. תְּשַׂגְֿשֵׂ֑גִי Is 17:11 thou dost fence it carefully about (> make it grow, as if שׂוג = שׂגה, AE Ki Brd Du).