Thorns and Brambles

ἄκανθ-α [ᾰκ], ης, ἡ, (ἀκή A) thorn, prickle, Refs 4th c.BC+ __1 any thorny or prickly plant (in Refs 8th c.BC+ probably Eryngium campestre), Refs 5th c.BC+ no thistles, i.e. 'an easy job', Refs 5th c.BC+ —special kinds: ἄ. Ἀραβική smaller milk-thistle, Notobasis syriaca, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἄ. βασιλική fish-thistle, Cnicus Acarna, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἄ. Ἰνδική, = Balsamodendron Mukul, Refs; ἄ. λευκή Acacia albida, Refs; ={ἄ. βασιλική}, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἄ. λευκὴ τρίοζος, = Euphorbia antiquorum, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἄ. ἀκανώδης (probably) cornthistle, Carduus arvensis, Refs __2 of other plants, e.g. Spanish broom, Spartium junceum, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἄ. μέλαινα Acacia arabica, LXX+5th c.BC+; ἄ. διψάς, = Acacia tortilis, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 central flowering-bud of χαμαιλέων λευκός,Refs 1st c.AD+ __4 ={ἄκανθος}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ __5 in plural, prickles or spines of the hedgehog and of certain fish, Ion Trag.38, Refs 4th c.BC+ __6 backbone or spine of fish, Refs 5th c.BC+; of serpents, Refs 5th c.BC+; of men, Refs 5th c.BC+; improperly used of mammalia, accusative to Refs 4th c.BC+; of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, Refs 2nd c.AD+; χονδρώδεις ἄ. false ribs, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __7 metaphorically in plural, thorny questions, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† I. קוֹץ n.m. Ez 28:24 thorns, thorn-bush; abs. ק׳ Gn 3:18 +; pl. קֹצִים Ex 22:5 +, קוֹצִים Is 33:12 +; cstr. קוֹצֵי Ju 8:7, 16;— 1. thornbush, + דַּרְדַּר (q.v.) Gn 3:18 (J), Ho 10:8; + שָׁמִיר Is 32:13; + בַּרְקָנִים (q.v.), ק׳ הַמִּדְבָּר Ju 8:7, 16; ק׳ alone Ex 22:5 (E); כְּאֵשׁ קוֹצִים ψ 118:12 (sim. of foes); in various fig., Is 33:12 Je 4:3; 12:13. 2. thorn, fig, Ez 28:24 (c. מַכְאִב, v. כאב; ‖ סִלּוֹן q.v.); sim. כְּק׳ מֻנָד 2 S 23:6 (PerlesAnal. 53 conj.. מֹץ, but v. also נוד Hoph.).

† חוֹחַ n.m. 2 K 14:9 1. brier, bramble. 2. hook, ring, fetter;—ח׳ abs. Ho 9:6 + 8 times; pl. חֲוָחִים 1 S 13:6 (but v. infr.), חוֹחִים Ct 2:2; חֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11;— 1. a. brier, bramble 2 K 14:9(×2) = 2 Ch 25:18(×2) (allegory of Jehoash); coll., sign of desolation Ho 9:6 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ), Is 34:13 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ, סִירִים), Jb 31:40 (opp. חִטִּים); in sim. of fool’s parable ח׳ עָלָה בְּיַד־שִׁכּוֹר Pr 26:9 a brier cometh into the hand of a drunken man (De Now Str); כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Ct 2:2; briers = thickets as hiding-places 1 S 13:6 (but Ew We Dr חוֹרִים holes, cf. 14:11; v. sub iii. חרר; ‖ מְעָרוֹת, סְלָעִים, צְרִחִים, בֹּרוֹת; 𝔊 here ἐν τ. μάνδραις; 14:11 ἐκ τ. τρωγλῶν). 2. late, a. hook or ring, in jaw of crocodile c. תִּקֹּב Jb 40:26 (‖ הֲתָשִׂים אַגְמֹן בְּאַפּוֹ); of captive וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11 (cf. חַח).

† I. שָׁמִיר n.m. Ez 3:9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—abs. שׁ׳ Is 5:6 +; sf. שְׁמִירוֹ 10:17;— 1. coll. thorns, thorn-bushes, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Is 5:6; 7:23, 24, 25; 27:4; fig. 9:17; 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳ 32:13. 2. adamant, as sharp, כְּתוּבָה … בְּצִפֹּרֶן שׁ׳ Je 17:1 (‖ בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל); as hard, fig. of prophet’s firmness Ez 3:9; Zc 7:12 fig. of hard heart.

† שַׁ֫יִת n.[m.] coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ dub.; DietrAbh. 73 cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, שְׁאִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳ wild, rough growth);—always c. שָׁמִיר: abs. שׁ׳ Is 7:23, 24; 9:17; 27:4 (cf. Du); שָׁ֑יִת 5:6; 7:25; sf. שִׁיתוֹ 10:17 (fig. Assyrian).

† אָטָד n.m. Ju 9:15 bramble, buck-thorn (cf. Che ψ 58:10) (rhamnus, Arabic أَطَد, Assyrian eṭidu v. DlW, No. 153, Aramaic אַטְדָּא, ܐܛܕܐ cf. Löw No. 15) contr. עֵצִים Ju 9:14, 15(×2) (personif., in fable); ψ 58:10 as fuel (in fig., cf. Che); בְּגֹרֶן הָא׳, n.loc., Gn 50:10, 11 (v. גֹּרֶן & אבל מצרים).

† II. קוֹץ n.pr.m. 1. name in Judah 1 Ch 4:8, Κωε, Κως. 2. הַקּ׳: priest 1 Ch 24:10, Κως, A 𝔊L Ακκως; Ezr 2:61 = Ne 7:63; Ne 3:4, 21, Ακ(κ)ους, -ως.

† II. [סִיר] n.[m.] thorn, hook (𝔗 id.; cf. סירם in Sab. n.pr. HomZMG xivi (1892), 532);— 1. pl. סִירִיס, thorns, sign of desolation Is 34:13, a barrier Ho 2:8, on Na 1:10 v. [סָבַךְ" dir="rtl" >סָבַךְ]; כְּקוֹל הַסּ׳ תַּחַת הַסִּיר Ec 7:6 as the sound of thorns (crackling as they burn) under the pot. 2. pl. סִירוֹת hooks Am 4:2 (cf. בּוּגָה sub דגה; ‖ צִנּוֹת; on realtion of meanings v. חוֹחַ, צֵן).

† חָרוּל n.[m.] a kind of weed, perhaps chickpea (cicercula), v. Löw p. 153 (Syriac ܚܽܘܪܠܴܐ fodder for horses; 𝔗 Pr 24:31 gives חוּרְלָא)—abs. ח׳ Jb 30:7 Zp 2:9; pl. חֲרֻלִּים Pr 24:31;—as growing in devastated land, coll. Zp 2:9; in vineyard of slothful, pl. כִּסּוּ פניו ח׳ Pr 24:31 (‖ קִמְּשׂנִים); as sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Jb 30:7 (שִׂיחִים).

† יַהֲלֹם n.[m.] a precious stone, jasper? (so 𝔊 𝔙), or onyx? (cf. Di Ex 28:18) (appar. from √ הלם; owing to its hardness, as able to smite, hammer?)—mentioned in lists of precious stones Ex 28:18; 39:11 Ez 28:13.

ἀκάνθ-ινος, η, ον, of thorns, στέφανοςLXX+NT __2 metaphorically, thorny, ἐν ἀ. ἀταρποῖςRefs __II of shittah-wood, ἱστόςRefs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἀ. cloths made of ἀκάνθιονRefs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 ἀ. πάππος thistle-down, Refs 1st c.AD+

τρίβολος [ῐ], ὁ, name of various prickly plants, __a water-chestnut, Trapa natans, τ. ἔνυδρος Refs 4th c.BC+ __b caltrops, Tribulus terrestris, Refs 5th c.BC+; τ. περικαρπιάκανθος, χερσαῖος, LXX+7th c.BC+ __c τ. φυλλάκανθος, thorny trefoil, Fagonia cretica, Refs 4th c.BC+ __d τ. παραθαλάσσιος, prickly samphire, Echinophora spinosa, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II τρίβολοι, οἱ, a threshing-machine, a board with sharp stones fixed in the bottom, LXX+3rd c.BC+; τ. ξύλινος (in the section περὶ κάρρων) Refs 1st c.AD+ __III caltrop, i. e. a four-spiked implement thrown on the ground to lame the enemy's horses, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III.b τ. πηχῶν έ a larger contrivance for stopping boulders, etc., thrown down a slope, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III.c οἱ κατακρημνώμενοι τ. an instrument hung from the walls of a fortress as a defence against battering-rams, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III.d a kind of missile, τριβόλων σιδηρῶν σφενδονῆται Refs 1st c.BC+; οἱ τ. οἱ καιόμενοι a kind of incendiary missile, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV part of the bit of a bridle, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __V uncertain meaning in naval dockyard records, σίδηρος ἐκ τοῦ τ. Refs __VI as adjective, three-tiered, πυρὰ πυργοειδὴς τ. Refs 2nd c.AD+

† בַּרְקָנִים n.m.pl. briers (so Vrss Ki al., also Stu q.v., Be, √ unknown; cf. ‖ קוֹצִים; > J. D. Michaelis, Thes al. threshing-sledges, furnished with sharp (glittering) stones) Ju 8:7 וְדַשְׁתִּי אֶת־בְּשַׂרְכֶם אֶת־קוֹצֵי הַמִּדְבָּר וְאֶת־הַבּ׳ (vid. also דושׁ) and I will thresh your flesh together with the thorns of the wilderness and the briers; v 16 וַיִּקַּח אֶת־זִקְנֵי הָעִיר וְאֶת־קוֹצֵי הַמִּדְבָּר וְאֶת הַבּ׳ וַיֹּדַע בָּהֶם אֵת אַנְשֵׁי סֻכּוֹת (read וַיָּדָשׁ for וַיֹּדַע 𝔊 BuRS 114; cf. Stu Be) and he took the thorns of the wilderness and the briers and threshed, etc.

† דַּרְדַּר n.[m.] thistles (coll.) (Arabic دردار, still current in Pal., Löwp. 100; Ethiopic ደንደር ) קוֹץ וְדַרְדַּר Gn 3:18 (J) Ho 10:8 symbol of wildness, desert.

† חֵ֫דֶק n.[m.] brier (NH id.; Aramaic חִדְקָא Löwp. 147, No. 104; cf. Arabic حَدَقٌ a kind of nightshare, v. Lane532);—טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק Mi 7:4 the best of them (si vera l.) is like the brier (‖ יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה); דֶּרֶךְ עָצֵל כִּמְשֻׂכַת חָ֑דֶק Pr 15:19 the way of a sluggard is like a brier-hedge.

† נַעֲצוּץ n.[m.] thorn-bush (on form cf. BaNB 213);—abs. נ׳ Is. 55:13; pl. נַעֲצוּצִים 7:19.

† [סַלּוֹן], סִלּוֹן n.m. brier (√ unknown);—סִלּוֹן מַמְאִיר Ez 28:24 a pricking brier (fig. of national distress; ‖ קוֹץ מַכְאִב); pl. סַלּוֹנִים 2:6 (+ סָרָבִים; Co [after Vrss] Berthol [not Toy] read (אותך) סֹרְבִים וְסֹלִים resisting and despising thee; סֹל׳ is then Pt. from I. סלה).

† [צֵן] n.[m.] thorn? barb?;—pl. צִנִּים Pr 22:5 (+ פַּחִים); וְאֶל־מִצִּנִּים Jb 5:5 from (behind) thorns (a protecting thorn hedge, so Di), but very dub.; CheJQ July, 1897, 576 del. as doublet of צַמִּים; BevJPhil. xxvl, 305 proposes וְאֹנָם צִנִּים [and as to their wealth, barbs (? barbed spears) take it].

† [צָנִין] n.[m.] thorn, prick;—pl. צְנִינִם Nu 33:55 (P; ‖ שִׂכִּים), צְנִנִים Jos 23:13 (D; both fig.).

† קִמּוֹשׂ n.m. Ho 9:6 coll. thistles or nettles (𝔊 ἄκανθαι, cf. Ki; 𝔙 urtica);—abs. ק׳, sign of desolation, Ho 9:6 (> van d. H. קִימשׁ; cf. Baer DeComplut. Var. 28; ‖ חוֹחַ), Is 34:13 (+ סִירִים, חוֹחַ); pl. (c. נ ins., Thes NöM 169, Anm. 3 Löw 194 Anm.) קִמְּשׂנִים Pr 24:31 (> van d. H. קִמְּשׁוֹנִים; ‖ חֲרֻלִּים).

σκόλοψ, οπος, ὁ, anything pointed: especially pale, stake, κεφαλὴν πῆξαι ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι Refs 8th c.BC+, palisade, τείχεα.. σκολόπεσσιν ἀρηρότα Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 thorn, NT+4th c.BC+ __3 an instrument for operating on the urethra, Refs 1st c.AD+ __4 point of a fishing-hook, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II tree, Refs 5th c.BC+

† חוֹחַ n.m. 2 K 14:9 1. brier, bramble. 2. hook, ring, fetter;—ח׳ abs. Ho 9:6 + 8 times; pl. חֲוָחִים 1 S 13:6 (but v. infr.), חוֹחִים Ct 2:2; חֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11;— 1. a. brier, bramble 2 K 14:9(×2) = 2 Ch 25:18(×2) (allegory of Jehoash); coll., sign of desolation Ho 9:6 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ), Is 34:13 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ, סִירִים), Jb 31:40 (opp. חִטִּים); in sim. of fool’s parable ח׳ עָלָה בְּיַד־שִׁכּוֹר Pr 26:9 a brier cometh into the hand of a drunken man (De Now Str); כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Ct 2:2; briers = thickets as hiding-places 1 S 13:6 (but Ew We Dr חוֹרִים holes, cf. 14:11; v. sub iii. חרר; ‖ מְעָרוֹת, סְלָעִים, צְרִחִים, בֹּרוֹת; 𝔊 here ἐν τ. μάνδραις; 14:11 ἐκ τ. τρωγλῶν). 2. late, a. hook or ring, in jaw of crocodile c. תִּקֹּב Jb 40:26 (‖ הֲתָשִׂים אַגְמֹן בְּאַפּוֹ); of captive וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים 2 Ch 33:11 (cf. חַח).

† מְסוּכָה n.f. hedge (‖ form of מְשֻׂכָה q.v. sub שׂוך);—only in fig. יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה Mi 7:4, read יְשָׁרָם מְס׳ (‖ טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק), their most upright one is a hedge (an obstruction).

† [סָרָב] n.m. rebel? according to Thes al. (prob. Aramaic loan-word, cf. Aramaic ܣܪܰܒ contradict, chatter, prattle, tell lies; Pa. סְרַב and NH Pi. סֵרֵב = BH; cf. סרב Ecclus 41:2d loving contradiction);—pl. abs. (i.e. אִתָּךְ) סָרָבִים וְסַלּוֹנִים אוֹתָ֑ךְ Ez 2:6 rebelles et quasi spinae sunt erga te Thes; Vrss read ptcp., Co Berthol סֹרְבִים וְסֹלִים resisting and despising thee (cf. סַלּוֹן); AV RV briers and thorns, cf. Ew Hi-Sm SiegfKau Da Toy.

† קִמּוֹשׂ n.m. Ho 9:6 coll. thistles or nettles (𝔊 ἄκανθαι, cf. Ki; 𝔙 urtica);—abs. ק׳, sign of desolation, Ho 9:6 (> van d. H. קִימשׁ; cf. Baer DeComplut. Var. 28; ‖ חוֹחַ), Is 34:13 (+ סִירִים, חוֹחַ); pl. (c. נ ins., Thes NöM 169, Anm. 3 Löw 194 Anm.) קִמְּשׂנִים Pr 24:31 (> van d. H. קִמְּשׁוֹנִים; ‖ חֲרֻלִּים).

† [שֵׂךְ] n.[m.] thorn;—pl. שִׂכִּים Nu 33:55 (P; ‖ צְנִינִם).