Tenderness and Gentleness

† רַךְ adj. tender, delicate, soft;—ר׳ abs. Gn 18:7 +, cstr. Dt 20:8; 2 Ch 13:7; fs. רַכָּה Dt 28:56 +; mpl. רַכִּים Gn 33:13; fpl. abs. רַכּוֹת 29:17 Jb 40:27;— 1. tender of flesh Gn 18:7 (J; בֶּן־בָּקָר); tender, delicate, especially in body, of children 33:13 (J), cf. (implying weakness of undeveloped character) 2 S 3:39, נַעַר וָרָ֑ךְ 1 Ch 22:5; 29:1, (וְיָחִיד) רַךְ Pr 4:3 (‘of tender age,’ Toy, q.v.); of man (+ עָנֹג; i.e. delicately nurtured) Dt 28:54, so of woman v 56 (+ עֲנֻגָּה), so, fig. of Bab., Is 47:1 (+ id.); רַךְ as subst. = tender (twig) Ez 17:22 (in fig.); delicate, weak, of eyes Gn 29:17 (E). 2. רַךְ (ה)לֵבָב weak of heart, timid, Dt 20:8 (+ יָרֵא), 2 Ch 13:7 (נַעַר). 3. soft, of words, abs. רַכּוֹת Jb 40:27 = subst., mild, gentle words (‖ תַּחֲנוּנִים); מַעֲנֶה רַךְ Pr 15:1 (opp. דְּבַר עֶצֶב), לָשׁוֹן רַכָּה 25:15.

νήπῐος, α Refs 2nd c.AD+, Ionic dialect η, ον, also ος, ον Refs 3rd c.BC+:— infant, child, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐκ νηπίου from a child, from infancy, [τὸ ἡδὺ] ἐκ ν. ἡμῖν συντέθραπται Refs 2nd c.BC+; infant in law, minor, ἐφ᾽ ὅσον ὁ κληρονόμος ν. ἐστιν NT; of children up to puberty, αἱ τῶν ν. ἐκλάμψιες Refs 5th c.BC+; but of the foetus in its early stage, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 less frequently of animals, Refs 8th c.BC+; νήπια alone, the young of an animal, Refs __3 of plants, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, __II.1 of the understanding, childish, silly, Refs 8th c.BC+; simply, without foresight, blind, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὔτε πρὶν νήπιον, νῦν τ᾽.. μέγαν no child before and now full-grown (i.e. in mind), Refs; of words, νήπια βάζεις Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of bodily strength, like that of a child, βίη δέ τε ν. αὐτῶν Refs 8th c.BC+

† [רָכַךְ] vb. be tender, weak, soft (Arabic رَكَّ, Aramaic רְכַךְ (in der. spec. and deriv.), ܪܰܟ, id.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. רַךְ 2 K 22:19; 2 Ch 34:27; 3 pl. רַכּוּ ψ 55:22; Impf. יֵרַךְ (Ges§ 67 p) Is 7:4 +;— 1. be tender, weak, of heart: a. be timid, fearful, ‖ יָרֵא, Is 7:4; Je 51:46; Dt 20:3. b. be softened, penitent, ‖ כָּנַע Niph., 2 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 34:27 2. be soft, of treacherous words ψ 55:22 (c. מִן comp.; ‖ II. חָלַק). Pu. Pf. 3 fs. רֻכְּכָה Is 1:6 it has not been softened, mollified, with oil (of wound, מַכָּה). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. וְאֵל הֵרַךְ לִבִּי Jb 23:16 (Ges§ 67 v), causat. of Qal 1 a.

† אַט subst. gentleness, used only adverbially:— a. as adverb. accus. 1 K 21:27 וַיְהַלֵּךְ אַֽט׃ and he (Ahab) went about softly (sc. in penitence); b. with לְ of norm or state (as in לָבֶטַח, v. לְ) 2 S 18:5 לְאַט־לִי לַנַּעַר (deal) gently for me with the young man, Is 8:6 the waters of Shiloah הַהֹלְכִים לְאַ֑ט that go gently; with pretonic qameṣ Jb 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עִמָּֽךְ׃ a word (spoken) gently with thee; with sf. Gn 33:14 אֶתְנַהֲלָה לְאִטִּי I will lead on gently (lit. according to my gentleness). S. p. 532 for לָאט secretly.

μᾰλᾰκός, ή, όν, soft: __I of things subject to touch, εὐνή Refs 8th c.BC+; πέπλοι Refs 8th c.BC+; νειὸς μ. fresh-ploughed fallow, Refs; λειμῶνες μ. soft grassy meadows, Refs 8th c.BC+; of the skin or flesh, μ. παρειαί Refs 5th c.BC+; πρόβατα μ. soft-fleeced, Refs 4th c.BC+; τόποι πεδινοὶ καὶ μ., opposed to hard, rugged ground, Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ κρημνοὶ οἱ μ.Refs 3rd c.BC+; μ. τέφρα a slow fire, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ὕδωρ μ., of marsh water, Refs 5th c.BC+; of soil, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, μαλακῶς ἐνεύδειν, εὑδέμεναι, to sleep softly, i.e. on soft bedding, Refs 8th c.BC+; καθίζου μ. sit softly, i.e. on a cushion, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ὡς μ. ἐσθίεις what dainty food you have! Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2 μαλακά (i.e. σκεύη), τά, household utensils, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of things not subject to touch, gentle, θάνατος Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. ἔπεα soft, fair words, Refs 8th c.BC+; μ. βλέμμα tender, youthful looks, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. οἶνος mild, Refs 4th c.BC+; μ. [φωνή] soft, Refs; of scent, faint, delicate, Refs 4th c.BC+; of climate, mild, Refs adverb μαλακῶς, αὐλεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 light, mild, - ώτεραι ζημίαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __III of persons or modes of life, soft, mild, gentle, μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι easier to handle, of a fallen hero, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.2 in bad sense, soft, μ. ἐν τῇ ξυναγωγῇ τοῦ πολέμου Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb - κῶς, ξυμμαχεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; -ωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο attacked him somewhat feebly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2.b faint-hearted, cowardly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2.c morally weak, lacking in self-control, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀντίκειται τῷ μ. ὁ καρτερικός Refs 4th c.BC+: with infinitive, μαλακὸς καρτερεῖν πρὸς ἡδονάς τε καὶ λύπας Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι not to give in from weakness or want of spirit, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ μ. indulgences, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2.d ={παθητικός}, NT+3rd c.BC+ __III.2.e of music, soft, effeminate, μ. ἁρμονίαι Refs 5th c.BC+; tuned to a low pitch, opposed to σύντονος, χρῶμα μ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2.f of style, feeble, τὸ -ώτερον καὶ ταπεινότερον Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2.g of reasoning, weak, loose, λόγος Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγος λίαν μ. Refs 4th c.BC+ adverb -κῶς, συλλογίζεσθαι to reason loosely, Refs; ἀποδεικνύειν -ώτερον Refs __III.3 weakly, sickly, -κῶς ἔχειν to be ill, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV adverb -κῶς, see supr. I, II, III.

ἁπᾰλός, ή, όν, soft to the touch, tender: in Refs 8th c.BC+ mostly of the human body, ἁπαλὴν ὑπὸ δειρήνRefs 8th c.BC+; ἁ. τέ σφ᾽ ἦτορ ἀπηύρα, i. e. the life of young animals,Refs 8th c.BC+; of persons, delicate, παῖδεςRefs 7th c.BC+; of flowers, ἄνθρυσκα Refs; rare in Trag., and only in Lyric poetry, παρειάRefs 5th c.BC+; so in Prose, ἁ. ψυχήRefs 5th c.BC+; of raw fruit, Refs 5th c.BC+; of tender meat, Refs; soft-boiled, of eggs, Refs 5th c.AD+; of a gentle fire, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, soft, gentle, ἁπαλὸν γελάσαι laugh gently, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἁ. δίαιτα soft, delicate, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁ. εἴσπλους λιμένος, opposed to τραχύς, Refs 5th c.BC+adverb ἁπαλῶς, ὀπτᾶν to roast moderately, Refs 3rd c.BC+: comparative ἁπαλωτέρως, ἅπτεσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 in bad sense, soft, weak, ὡς ἁ. καὶ λευκὸς [οἶνος] Refs 5th c.BC+. [ᾰπᾰλο; for καλάμῳ.. ὑπᾱπάλῳ, in Refs 3rd c.BC+

θάλπ-ω, future -ψωRefs 4th c.AD+: future middle in passive sense θάλψομαι Refs:—heat, soften by heat, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, ἐτήκετο κασσίτερος ὣς.. θαλφθείς Refs 8th c.BC+: metaphorically, to be softened, deceived, αἴ κε μὴ θαλφθῇ λόγοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __II heat, warm, without any notion of softening, καῦμ᾽ ἔθαλπε (i.e. ἡμᾶς) Refs 5th c.BC+; θερμὴ ἡμᾶς ἀκτὶς θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; keep warm, χλανιδίων ἐρειπίοις θάλπουσα καὶ ψύχουσα Refs, of an idle life, Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; θάλπεσθαι τοῦ θέρους to be warm in summer, Refs 5th c.BC+ to be alive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 warm at the fire, dry, θάλπεται ῥάκη Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 hatch, ᾠά Refs: so absolutely, sit, Refs; θ. ἐπὶ τῶν νοσσῶν, ἐπὶ τῶν ᾠῶν, LXX __III metaphorically, of passion, heat, inflame, ἣ Διὸς θάλπει κέαρ ἔρωτι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔθαλψεν ἄτης σπασμός Refs:—passive, ἱμέρου βέλει τεθάλφθαι πρός τινος Refs 4th c.BC+; θάλπῃ (2nd pers. singular) ἀνηκέστῳ πυρί Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 comfort, ὕπνος.. θάλπει κέαρ Refs 5th c.BC+.; cherish, foster, ἄλλον θάλπε φίλον NT+3rd c.BC+; τὴν πόλιν θ. tend it with fostering care, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III.3 ἐμὲ οὐδὲν θ. ἡ δόξα I care nothing for glory, Refs 4th c.AD+ __IV intransitive, to be full of heat, vigorous, Refs 4th c.BC+; θάλψαι τρεῖς ποίας to live three summers, Refs 1st c.AD+

Included with: φῐλό-φρων, ον, genitive ονος, (φρήν) kindly disposed, friendly, Κροίσου φ. ἀρετά Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἩσυχίαRefs 5th c.BC+; φιλοφρονέστατοι, of the Athenians, Refs 1st c.BC+ O.; τὸ φ., ={φιλοφροσύνη}, Refs 1st c.AD+ adverb -νως, ἀσπάζεσθαί, δέξασθαί, δέκεσθαί τινα to greet kindly, welcome, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἔχειν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, πρὸς τὸ συγγενὲς θεῖον, to be kindly minded towards.., Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. βλέπειν to wear a kind, friendly look, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative -εστέρως ἔχειν τὰ ὄμματα Refs 5th c.BC+

† טִפֻּחִים n.[m.] pl. abstr. dandling, עֹלֲלֵי ט׳ La 2:20.