Sorcery Witchcraft

אוֹב n.m. Jb 32:19 skin-bottle, necromancer, etc.—abs. א׳ Lv 20:27 + 8 times; pl. אֹבוֹת Lv 19:31 + 7 times— 1. skin-bottle, only pl. אֹבוֹת חֲדָשִׁים new (wine-) skins Jb 32:19. 2. necromancer, in phr. אוֹב אוֹיִדְּעֹנִי necrom. or wizard Lv 20:27 (H; usually tr. ‘a man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard’ RV; but better a man or a woman, if there should be among them, a necromancer or wizard; no suff. reason for exceptional use of phrase here); א׳ וְיִדְּעֹנִי Dt 18:11 2 Ch 33:6 = 2 K 21:6 (where א׳ וידענים); הָאֹבוֹת וְהַיִּדְּעֹנִים Lv 19:31; 20:6 (H) 1 S 28:3, 9 2 K 23:24 Is 8:19 (where repres. as chirping & muttering, in practice of their art of seeking dead for instruction, prob. ventriloquism, & so 𝔊) 19:3. 3. ghost, Is 29:4 וְהָיָה כְּאוֹב מֵאֶרֶץ קוֹלֵךְ וּמֵעָפָר אִמְרָתֵךְ תְּצַפְצֵף and thy voice shall be as a ghost from the ground and from the dust thy speech shall chirp (so Ge MV Ew De Che al., but chirping might be of necromancer, as 8:19). 4. necromancy אֵשֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־אוֹב a woman who was mistress of necromancy 1 S 28:7(×2); (JPh. xiv, 127 f makes אוֹב primarily a subterranean spirit, and signif. 2 only an abbrev. of בעלתא׳ etc.); קסם בָּאוֹב divine by necromancy 1 S 28:8, which seems to be interpr. of 1 Ch 10:13 שׁאל בא׳ inquire by necromancy. (In these three exx. אוֹב is usually interpreted as ghost or familiar spirit conceived as dwelling in necromancer; but this apparently not the ancient conception.)

† II. [נָחַשׁ] vb. only Pi. practise divination, divine, observe signs (denom. from נָחָשׁ according to NöZeitschr. f. Völkerpsychol. i (1860), 413 BauSem. Rel., i. 287 LagBN 188 GerberVerb. Denom. 29; otherwise WeSkizzen iii. 147 MeChrest. Targ. s.v. BAES 48 (agst. him v. Sta Th Lz, April 28, 1894, 235); chief difficulty is that Aramaic, which has נַהֵשׁ, has no נָחָשׁ, cf. RSJPh. xiv. 115;—NH Qal Pt. נוֹחֵשׁ, and Pi.; Aramaic Pa. נַחֵשׁ, ܢܰܚܶܫ all = divine, learn by omens; perhaps cp. also Arabic نَحِسَ be unlucky Lane275 cf. Mel.c.);—Pf. 3 ms. וְנִחֵשׁ 2 K 21:6 2 Ch 33:6; 1 s. נִחַ֫שְׁתִּי Gn 30:27; Impf. יְנַחֵשׁ Gn 44:5, 15; 3 mpl. יְנַחֲשׁוּ 1 K 20:33, וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ 2 K 17:17; 2 mpl. תְּנַתֲשׁוּ Lv 19:26; Inf. abs. נַחֵשׁ 1 K 20:33; Pt. מְנַחֵשׁ Dt 18:10 (cf. especially RSJPh. xiv. 113 ff.);— 1. practise divination Gn 44:5 (J; by means of cup, i.e. by hydromancy), with implied power to learn secret things v 15; condemned by proph. writer 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6 (+ עוֹנֵן וְעָשָׂה אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִים), 2 K 17:17 (‖ וַיִּקְסְמוּ קְסָמִים), forbidden in D and H: Dt 18:10 (+ קֹסֵם קְסָמִים מְעוֹנֵן וּמְכַשֵּׁף), Lv 19:26 (H; ‖ תְּעוֹנֵנ֑וּ). 2. observe the signs or omens Gn 30:27 (J); so prob. יְנַחֲשׁוּ 1 K 20:33 now the men were observing the signs.

† כִּשֵּׁף vb. Pi. denom. practice sorcery (Assyrian kašâpu, id.);—Pf. 3 ms.: וְעוֹנֵן וְנִחֵשׁ וְכִשֵּׁף וְעָשָׂה אוֹב וְיִדְּעוֹנִ֑י 2 Ch 33:6 (of Manasseh); elsewhere only Pt. as subst. ms. sorcerer, in Israel, מְכַשֵּׁף Dt 18:10 (following קֹסֵם קְסָמִים מְעוֹנֵן וּמְנַחֵשׁ); fs. מְכַשֵּׁפָה = sorceress Ex 22:17 (E); mpl. מְכַשְּׁפִים Mal 3:5 (named with adulterers and false-swearers); of diviners, or astrologers in Egypt (חַרְטֻמִּים q.v.) Ex 7:11 (P; ‖ חֲכָמִים); in Babylon Dn 2:2 (+ חַרְטֻמִּים, אַשָּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים).

† [כֶּ֫שֶׁף] n.m. 2 K 9:22 sorcery, only pl. (Assyrian kišpu, id.);—כְּשָׁפִים Mi 5:11 Na 3:4; sf. כְּשָׁפַיִךְ Is 47:9, 12; כְּשָׁפֶיהָ Na 3:4 2 K 9:22;—sorceries: 1. lit. וְהִכְרַתִּי כ׳ מִיָּדֶיךָ Mi 5:11, said of Isr.; רֹב כ׳ Is 47:9, 12 (‖ חֲבָרַיִךְ), said of Babylon. 2. fig. of seductive and corrupting influences: of Jezebel 2 K 9:22 (‖ זְנוּנִים); of Nineveh personif. as harlot Na 3:4 (‖ id.), called בַּעֲלַת כ׳ v 4 (following מֵרֹב זְנוּנֵי זוֹנָה).

περίεργος, ον, taking needless trouble, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -γως Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 officious, meddlesome, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. εἰμι I am a busy-body, Refs; περίεργα βλέπειν look curiously at, with accusative, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 of an inquiring mind, Refs 4th c.BC+; inquisitive, curious, Refs 2nd c.AD+; π. παιδία Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ π. Refs 2nd c.AD+. adverb -γως, ἔχειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ H.: comparative -ότερον, ἔχειν πρός τινα Refs 4th c.AD+ __II passive, overwrought, elaborate, ὀδμή (perfume) Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τῆς κόμης π. Refs 2nd c.AD+; especially of language or style, ὀνόματα, λόγοι, Refs 4th c.BC+: comparative, - οτέρα λέξις Refs. adverb -γωςRefs 2nd c.AD+: comparative -ότερον, ἠσκημένος τὴν κόμην Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 superfluous, π. καὶ μακρὰ λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπως εἴ τις π. ἀφαιρεθῇ (i.e. δαπάνη) Refs 5th c.BC+; futile, useless, πόλεμος Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -γωςRefs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 curious, superstitious, ἱερουργίαι Refs 1st c.AD+; τὰ π. curious arts, magic, NT

φαρμᾰκ-είᾱ, ἡ, use of drugs, especially of purgatives, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ ἄνω φ., i. e. emetics, Refs 4th c.BC+; of abortifacients, Refs 2nd c.AD+: generally, the use of any kind of drugs, potions, or spells, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 poisoning or witchcraft, Refs 4th c.BC+; αἱ περὶ τὰς φαρμακείας, ={αἱ φαρμακίδες}, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, remedy, παιδιὰς προσάγειν φαρμακείας χάριν Refs

βασκ-αίνω, future -ᾰνῶLXX: aorist ἐβάσκηνα Refs 2nd c.AD+ Philostratus Sophista (see. below), -ᾱνα Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, aorist ἐβασκάνθην (see. below):—bewitch by the evil eye, etc., NT+4th c.BC+:—passive, ὡς μὴ βασκανθῶσι Refs 4th c.BC+ __II with accusative, malign, disparage, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντιτέχνων βασκανθῆναι Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 with dative, envy, grudge, Refs 4th c.BC+; τινί τινος grudge one a thing, Refs 1st c.AD+keep to oneself, Refs __II.3 with accusative et infinitive, μὴ βασκήνας γελάσαι καὶ ἄλλον Refs 2nd c.AD+

μᾰγεία, ἡ, theology of the Magians, μ. ἡ Ζωροάστρου Refs 5th c.BC+ __II magic, NT+4th c.BC+; τὴν γοητικὴν μ. οὐδ᾽ ἔγνωσαν [οἱ μάγοι] Refs 4th c.BC+

μᾰγ-εύω, to be a Magus or skilled in Magian lore, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II use magic arts, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III transitive, bewitch, e.g. by philtres, Refs 3rd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 call forth by magic arts, ἔμψυχα Refs 1st c.BC+

Πύθων [ῡ], ωνος, ὁ, (compare Πυθώ) the serpent “Python”, slain by Apollo, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II παιδίσκη ἔχουσα πνεῦμα Πύθωνα a spirit of divination, NT __II.2 plural Πύθωνες, ventriloquists, Refs 1st c.AD+

† [עָנַן] vb. denom. Pi. Inf. cstr. sf. c. acc. cogn. בְּעַנְנִי ע׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Gn 9:14 (P) when I bring clouds, etc.