Sealing and Authenticating

† [חָתַם] vb. seal, affix seal, seal up (NH id.; Aramaic חֲתַם, ܚܬܰܡ; Ethiopic ኀተመ Arabic خَتَمَ (whence خَاتَمٌ) is loan-word according to Frä252)— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יַחְתֹּם Jb 9:7; 33:6, יַחְתּוֹם Jb 37:7, וַיַּחְתֹּם Est 8:10, etc.; Imv. חֲתֹם Dn 12:4, חֲתוֹם Is 8:16, חִתְמוּ Est 8:8; Inf. abs. חָתוֹם Je 32:44; cstr. לַחְתֹּם Dn 9:24, + v 24 Kt (Qr לְהָתֵם); Pt. act. חוֹתֵם Ez 28:12; pass. חָתוּם Dt 32:34 + 2 times, etc.;— 1. seal, affix one’s seal, in attestation; seal with king’s seal (בְּחֹתָמוֹ) 1 K 21:8, בְּטַבַּעַת המלך Est 8:8, 10; of covenant with י׳, attested by seal (pass.) Ne 10:1, 2; fig., of י׳ putting his seal upon (בְּ) discipline, i.e. ratifying it, Jb 33:16; perhaps also upon hand of man (that man may know י׳’s ways) 37:7 v. De; Di sub 2. seal up hand of man, so that he cannot work with it (in winter). 2. seal up, fasten up by sealing, a deed of sale Je 32:10, 11 (opp. הַגָּלוּי that which was left open), v 14, 44, a book of prophecy Dn 12:4 (‖ סְתֹם הַדְּבָרים), cf. v 9 (‖ id.), 9:24b; so in sim. of unintelligible prophecy Is 29:11(×2); חֲתֹם תּוֹרָה בְּלִמֻּדָ֑י Is 8:16 seal up the teaching among my disciples, i.e. keep it securely (‖ צוֹר); of י׳’s remembrance of offences חָתוּם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָ֑י Dt 32:34 (‖ כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי), so חָתוּם בִּצְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי Jb 14:17 (‖ וַתִּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִי); מַעְיָן חָתוּם Ct 4:12 a fountain sealed up, metaph. of chaste woman (‖ נָעוּל (גַּל) גַּן); וּבְעַד כּוֹכָבִים יַח׳ Jb 9:7 and about the stars he putteth a seal (‖ of forbidding sun to rise).—אַתָּה חוֹתֵם תָּכְנִית Ez 28:12 is obscure: thou wast one sealing proportion, i.e. perfection,—wast complete perfection, Ges Sm.; wast a sealer of symmetry v. Da; wast a seal (ring)—i.e. חוֹתַם cstr.—of proportion Codd. 𝔊 𝔙 Hi cf. Ew; text perhaps corrupt, v. suggestions in Co.—Dn 9:24a read Qr לְהָתֵם (v. תמם). Jb 33:16; 37:7 v. sub 1. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. [or Pt.?] נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם Est 3:12 (it was) written and sealed בְּטַבַּעַת הַמֶּלֶךְ; Inf. abs. וְנַחְתּוֹם Est 8:8 (continuing pt. נִכְתָּ֣ב) also + בְּטַבַּעַת הַמּ׳; both pass. of Qal 1. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. יוֹמָם הִתְּמוּ־לָמוֹ Jb 24:16 lit. by day they seal up for themselves, i.e. according to most, they shut themselves up, do not shew themselves (‖ לֹא יָדְעוּ אוֹר); 𝔊C has ἡμέρας ἐσφράγισαν ἐαυτοῖς (B al. ἑαυτους), whence Siegf conj. plausibly יָמִים ח׳ ל׳ they seal up the days unto themselves, i.e. daytime is for them sealed up and unused. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. אוֹ־הֶחְתִּים בְּשָׂרוֹ מִזּוֹבוֹ Lv 15:3 or hath his flesh (genital organ) shewn stoppage by reason of his flux.

σφρᾱγ-ίζω, Ionic dialect σφρηγίζω, close or enclose with a seal, σφραγίζεις λύεις τ᾽ ὀπίσω.. πεύκην (={δέλτον}) Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ σιτάριον Refs 1st c.AD+:—middle, τὸν θησαυρόν Refs 2nd c.BC+; μόνη δὲ κλῇθρ᾽ ἐγὼ σφραγίζομαι LXX+5th c.BC+; δεῖγμα σφραγισάσθω let him seal up with his seal a sample (of the corn), Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, ἐν ᾧ [δώματι] κεραυνός ἐστιν ἐσφραγισμένος LXX+4th c.BC+; οὐ δύναμαι ἀναγνῶναι [τὸ βιβλίον]· ἐσφράγισται γάρLXX+3rd c.BC+; ἐσφραγίσθη γῇ λευκῇ Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 authenticate a document with a seal, Refs 2nd c.BC+ —middle Refs; ἵνα μὴ κυριεύσας (i.e. τῆς σφραγῖδος) κοινὴν ἐπιστολὴν κατὰ πάντων γράψας σφραγίσηται αὐτῇ τῇ σφραγῖδι Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἐξαποστεῖλαι εἰς Ῥόδον τοῦδε τοῦ ψηφίσματος ἀντίγραφον, σφραγισαμένους τῇ δημοσίᾳ σφραγῖδι Refs 2nd c.BC+; τὸ βιβλίον τῆς κτήσεως τὸ ἐσφραγισμένον LXX+2nd c.BC+ __3 certify an object after examination by attaching a seal Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπεθεώρησα μόσχον ἕνα.. καὶ δοκιμάσας ἐσφράγισα ὡς ἔστιν καθαρός Wilcken Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 middle, seal an article to show that it is pledged, ἐγγύην σ. Refs 1st c.AD+: absolutely, make an impression with a seal for any purpose, καθάπερ οἱ σφραγιζόμενοι τοῖς δακτυλίοις Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically senses: __II.1 close up as if with a seal, in passive, ἐσφραγισμένην ἀκριβῶς οὐλήν a fully closed cicatrix, Refs 2nd c.AD+ — middle, οὓς.. ἀφθόγγων στομάτων σφρηγίσσατο δεσμῷ, i.e. made them mute, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.2 accredit as an envoy, etc., τινα NT:—middle, ὁ χρίσας ἡμᾶς θεός, καὶ -ισάμενος ἡμᾶς NT __II.3 set a seal of approval upon, confirm, NT+1st c.AD+:—frequently in middle, σ. ποιητικαῖς φωναῖς Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. αὐτοῖς τὸν καρπόν assure them of it, NT __II.4 generally, mark, ψάμμος.. νῶτον οὐκ ἐσφράγισεν the sand never marked his back, i.e. he never fell in the sand, Refs 1st c.AD+; δεινοῖς.. σημάντροισιν ἐσφραγισμένοι, of wounded persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; σφραγιζομένη γελασίνοις marked with dimples, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.5 set an end or limit to, σφραγίσαι ἁμαρτίας LXX+2nd c.AD+:—middle, Ῥώμην ἀνερχομένῳ σφράγισαι ἠελίῳRefs (Antip.); πάντα δι᾽ ἀλλήλων ὁ πολὺς σφραγίζεται αἰών, i.e. the death of one creature is the birth of another, Archelaus cited in Refs 3rd c.BC+

κατασφρᾱγίζω, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect κατα-σφρηγίζω, seal up, LXX: mostly perfect participle passive κατεσφρηγισμένος sealed up, made fast, secured, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: imperfect passive Refs 3rd c.AD+: future -Refs (Epid., 2nd c.AD): aorist Refs 5th c.AD+ —middle, Refs 4th c.BC+aorist 1 -ίσσατο Refs 4th c.AD+

† [חֲתַם] vb. seal (v. BH);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. sf. (of stone) חַתְמַהּ Dn 6:18 (ב instr.).