Root Plant Part

† שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ n.m. Dt 29:17 root;—שׁ׳ abs. Dt 29:17 +, cstr. Is 11:10 +; sf. שָׁרְשִׁי Jb 29:19, etc.; pl. cstr. שָׁרְשֵׁי 13:27 (v. infr.) 36:30, sf. שָֽׁרָשָׁיו Am 2:9 +, שָֽׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ez 17:7 +;— 1. root of people under fig. of tree, involving firmness, permanence, Am 2:9; Ho 9:16; 14:6; Is 14:30; 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31;—שָׁרְשָׁם Ju 5:14 is prob. corrupt, v. GFM;—so of pers. (cf. Ph., Eshmunazar 11 GACooke pp. 30, 36) Is 5:24; Mal 3:19; Jb 8:17; 18:16; 29:19; Pr 12:3, 12; = stock, family Is 11:1, 10; Dn 11:7, cf. (of serpent) Is 14:29; = source or cause Dt 29:17, שׁ׳ דָּבָר Jb 19:28. 2. lit root of tree or shrub Je 17:8 (sim.), Ez 31:7 (metaph. of people), Is 53:2 (sim.), Jb 14:8; 30:4; of vine (metaph. of people) Ez 17:6, 7, 9(×2) ψ 80:10 (acc. cogn. c. שׁרשׁ Hiph.). 3. root, fig. = lowest stratum, of mt. Jb 28:9, of sea 36:30 = bottom (text strange and dub.: Du רָאשֵׁי הָרִים, with אֵדוֹ in v a); of feet, שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי 13:27, i.e. soles Ew Di De Da al. (elsewhere כַּף), Bu place of treading, footholds; Du (arbitrarily) שָׁרְשִׁי, del. רגלי.

ῥίζ-α, ης, ἡ: Ionic dialect nominative ῥίζη Refs 8th c.BC+:—root, Refs 8th c.BC+; used as a medicine, Refs 8th c.BC+; ῥ. ἐλατήριος, of a purgative medicine, Refs 5th c.BC+: mostly in plural, roots, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, roots of the eye, Refs 8th c.BC+ probably bloodshot streaks); the roots or foundations of the earth, Refs 8th c.BC+; of feathers, hair, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; of the teeth, Refs __3 τὸν πόλεμον ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀνῄρηκε 'root and branch', LXX+1st c.AD+; compare ῥιζόθεν, πρόρριζος. __II that from which anything springs as from a root, ῥίζαν ἀπείρου τρίταν a third continental foundation, of Libya, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀστέων ῥ., of Cyrene, as the root or original of the Cyrenaic Pentapolis, Refs; root or stock from which a family springs, ῥ. σπέρματος Refs 5th c.BC+; so, race, family, Refs 5th c.BC+; συκοφάντου.. σπέρμα καὶ ῥ. Refs 4th c.BC+; sect, party, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.2 base, foundation, ῥ. πάντων καὶ βάσις ἁ γᾶ ἐρήρεισται Ti. Locrian dialectRefs 5th c.BC+; base of a vertical pillar, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 in Mathematics texts, root or base of a series, Anatolius cited in Refs. (Aeolic dialect βρίζα (which see): cf. Gothic waúrts, Latin radix.)

† [שָׁרַשׁ] vb. denom. Pi. = deal with the roots;— 1. root up, out: Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ ψ 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root: Impf. 3 fs. תְּשָׁרֵשׁ בְּ Jb 31:12 fire (fig.) roots at all my increase. Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ 31:8 be rooted up (of produce). 2. Poʿēl take root, establish oneself firmly: Pf. 3 ms. שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם Is 40:24 (fig. of princes, etc.). Poʿal id.: Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ Je 12:2 (fig. of wicked). Hiph. id.: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁרֵשׁ Is 27:6 (fig. of Isr.); 3 fs. וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ ψ 80:10 (id.; c. acc. cogn.); Pt. מַשְׁרִישׁ Jb 5:3 (fig. of pers.).

† מַצֵּבָה, מַצֶּ֫בֶת n.f. pillar, maṣṣēbā, stump; on this v. also Lagrange Études Bibl. 197 ff. and review by BauZMG lvii (1903), 830; also GFMEB massebah Sta Bib. Theol. i. § 55 OC WhitehouseHastDB pillar—abs. מַצֵּבָה Ho 3:4 +, מַצֶּ֫בֶת 2 S 18:18a (read הַמּ׳ 𝔊 Dr Bu Kit), v 18b Is 6:13, cstr. מַצְּבַת 2 K 3:2; 10:27, מַצֶּ֫בֶת Gn 35:14, 20; sf. מַצַּבְתָּהּ Is 6:13; pl. abs. מַצֵּבוֹת 1 K 14:23, cstr. מַצְּבוֹת 2 K 10:26, etc.;— 1. a. pillar, as monument, personal memorial 2 S 18:18(×2). b. a stone, set up (שׂים, הציב), and anointed as memorial of divine appearance Gn 28:18, 22; 31:13 (all E), 35:14(×2) (J); so also 33:20 (E), where ins. מ׳, or read מ׳ for MT מִזְבֵּחַ (We Di NowArch. ii. 18), set up (שׂים, הרים, חציב), in token of an agreement 31:45, 51, 52(×2) (all E); over grave 35:20(×2) (E). c. especially of sacred stones or pillars in connexion with altar, erected (בנה) by Moses Ex 24:4 (E; 12 pillars), Ho 3:4; 10:1, 2 Is 19:19; conj. also 2 K 12:10 for MT מִזְבֵּחַ Sta ZAW v (1885), 296 NowArch. l.c., but dub., v. Benzad loc.; (usually + אֲשֵׁרִים etc.): of Canaanites Ex 23:24 (E), 34:13 (J), Dt 7:5; 12:3, cf. מ׳ הַבַּעַל 2 K 3:2; 10:26, 27; Tyre, מ׳ עֻזֵּךְ, Ez 26:11, of obelisks of Heliopolis in Egypt Je 43:13; condemned for Isr. by Deut. code, and Deut. redaction of K: Dt 16:22; 1 K 14:23; 2 K 17:10; 18:4; 23:14;, 2 Ch 14:2; 31:1; cf. Mi 5:12; Lv 26:1 (H).—On maṣṣēbā v. further NowArch. ii. 18 f. BenzArch. 380 f. Dr Dt. 16:21 f. WeSkizzen iii. 99, 165 RSSem. i. 184 ff. 437 f.; 2d ed. 204 ff. 456 f.; K. 50.—Ju 9:6 v. [נָצַב" dir="rtl" >נָצַב] Hoph. 2. stock, stump of tree Is 6:13a (in sim.), so v 13b (fig.; but prob. del. as gloss).

† [גֶּ֫זַע] n.m. Jb 14:8 stock, stem (NH id., cf. Syriac ܓܽܘܙܥܳܐ stem, trunk)—cstr. גֶּזַע Is 11:1; sf. גִּזְעוֹ Jb 14:8, גִּזְעָם Is 40:24;—stock, stem of a tree Jb 14:8 (‖ שֹׁרֶשׁ); fig. ג׳ ישׁי ‘stem of Jesse’ Is 11:1 (‖ שֹׁרֶשׁ); שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ ג׳ Is 40:24 (‖ נטע, זרע).

† [שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ] n.m. Dn 4:12 root (v. BH);—pl. sf. שָׁרְשׁוֹ֫הִי of tree Dn 4:12, 20, 23.

ῥιζ-όω, cause to strike root: metaphorically, plant, fix firmly, ὅς μιν [τὴν ναῦν] λᾶαν θῆκε καὶ ἐρρίζωσεν ἔνερθεν Refs 8th c.BC+; [νήσους] κατὰ βυσσὸν πρυμνόθεν (assuming variant) Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, of trees and plants, take root, strike root, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, ἄριστον ῥιζώσασθαι, of the fig, Refs; so αἱ πίνναι ἐρρίζωνται, opposed to ἀρρίζωτοι, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὀδὸς βάθροισι γῆθεν ἐρριζωμένος made fast or solid, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a bridge, αἰώνιος ἐρρίζωται Refs __2 metaphorically, ἐρρίζωσε τὴν τυραννίδα Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, τυραννὶς ἐρριζωμένηRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ ἀμαθίας πάντα κακὰ ἐρρ. have their root in.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἀγάπῃ ἐρρ. NT __II passive also of land, to be planted with trees, ἀλωὴ ἐρρίζωται Refs 8th c.BC+