Life and Livelihood

† חַיִּים n.m. Dt 28:66 pl.abstr.emph. life, ח׳ Gn 2:7 +; חַיִּין Jb 24:22 (Aramaism Ges§ 87 (1) a); חַיֵּי Gn 23:1 +; sf. חַיַּי Gn 47:9 +; חַיָּ֑יְכִי ψ 103:4; (Ges§ 91 (2) R. 2), etc.;— 1. life: physical Gn 27:46 Ex 1:14 (P), Dt 28:66(×2) 2 S 11:11; 15:21 Is 38:12 Je 8:23 La 3:53, 58 Ez 7:13 Jb 3:20; 7:7; 9:21; 10:12; 24:22 ψ 7:6; 17:14; 21:5; 26:9; 31:11; 34:13; 63:4; 64:2; 66:9; 88:4; 103:4 Pr 18:21 Ec 2:17; 6:12; 7:13; 9:9(×2) 10:19 Jon 2:7; 4:3, 8; חַיֵּי שׂרה life of Sarah Gn 23:1 (P); שְׁנ��י ח׳ years of the life of 2 S 19:35 Gn 23:1; 25:7, 17; 47:8, 9(×2), 28 Ex 6:16, 18, 20 (P); שָׁנָה לח׳ Gn 7:11 (P); שְׁנוֹת חַיִּים Pr 3:2; 4:10; 9:11; יְמֵי ח׳ days of the life of Ec 2:3; 5:17, 19; 6:12; 8:15; 9:9; כֹּל יְמֵי ח׳ Gn 3:14, 17 (J) Dt 4:9; 6:2; 16:3; 17:19 Jos 1:5; 4:14 (D) 1 S 1:11; 7:15 1 K 5:1; 11:34; 15:5, 6, 2 K 25:29, 30 = Je 52:33, 34, Is 38:20 (poem of Hez.) ψ 23:6; 27:4; 128:5 Pr 31:12; בּח׳ in or during one’s life Gn 27:46 (P) Lv 18:18 (H) Ju 16:30 2 S 1:23; 18:18 ψ 49:19; 63:5; 104:33; 146:2 Jb 10:1 Ec 3:12; 9:3; רוּחַ ח׳ Gn 6:17; 7:15 (P); ח׳ רוּחִי Is 38:16 (poem of Hez.); ח׳ בשׂרים Pr 14:30; נִשְׁמַת (רוּחַ) ח׳ Gn 2:7; 7:22 (J). 2. life: as welfare and happiness in king’s presence Pr 16:15; as consisting of earthly felicity combined (often) with spiritual blessedness Dt 30:6, 15, 19(×2), 20; 32:47 ψ 30:6; 133:3 Pr 3:22; 4:13, 22; 8:35; 10:16; 11:19; 12:28; 19:23; 21:21; 22:4 Mal 2:5; used only once distinctly of eternal life (late) ח׳ עולם Dn 12:2; אֵל חַיָּ֑י ψ 42:9 God of my life; מעוז ח׳ ψ 27:1; מקור ח׳ ψ 36:10 Pr 10:11; 13:14; 14:27; 16:22; עֵץ (ה)חַיִּים Gn 2:9; 3:22, 24 (J) Pr 3:18; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4; ארח ח׳ ψ 16:11 Pr 5:6; 15:24; ארח לח׳ Pr 10:17; ארחות ח׳ Pr 2:19; דֶּרֶךְ (ה)חַיִּים Pr 6:23 Je 21:8; חקּות ח׳ Ez 33:15; תּוצאות ח׳ Pr 4:23 sources (origin and direction) of life; תוכחת ח׳ Pr 15:31; כָּתוּב לַחַיִּים Is 4:3 written unto life. 3. sustenance, maintenance: חַיִּים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶיךָ Pr 27:27 maintenance for thy maidens, v. מִחְיָה" dir="rtl" >מִחְיָה infr.

ζωή (ζωιή (probably an error) Refs 3rd c.BC+, Doric dialect ζωά: Ionic dialect and poetry ζόη, Refs 5th c.BC+, Doric dialect ζόα: Aeolic dialect ζοΐα Refs 3rd c.BC+: ἡ:— living, i.e. one's substance, property, ἦ γάρ οἱ ζ. γ᾽ ἦν ἄσπετος Refs 8th c.BC+; τοὶ δὲ ζωὴν ἐδάσαντοRefs; τὴν ζόην ποιέεσθαι or καταστήσασθαι ἀπὸ or ἐκ.. to get one's living by.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 after Refs 8th c.BC+, life, existence, opposed to death, Refs 7th c.BC+; θανάτου πέρι καὶ ζωᾶςRefs 5th c.BC+; ζόας (ζωᾶς codices) βιοτά Refs 5th c.BC+ mylife! LXX+4th c.BC+; μετὰ τὴν μίαν ζ. πολλαὶ ζ. Refs 4th c.AD+ __3 way of life, ζόην ἔζωον τὴν αὐτήν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ζωή,= γραῦς Refs, the scum on milk, Refs; ζόη· τὸ ἐπάνω τοῦ μέλιτος, Refs 5th c.AD+ is required by the metre in trimeters in Refs 5th c.BC+

† I. חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast DHMSendsch. 34)—ח׳ Gn 8:17 +; cstr. חַיַּת Is 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Gn 1:24 ψ 50:10; 79:2; 104:11, 20 Is 56:9(×2) Zp 2:14; sf. חַיָּתִי ψ 143:3, etc.; pl. חַיּוֹת Lv 14:4 + 12 times— 1. animal, as a living, active being: a. in general, Gn 8:17 Lv 11:2, 27, 47(×2) Nu 35:3 (P) ψ 104:25 Is 46:1 Dn 8:4. b. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Gn 7:14, 21; 8:1, 19; 9:5 (P) Lv 17:13; 25:7 (H) Jb 37:8 ψ 148:10 Is 40:16 Ez 14:15; 33:27 Zp 2:14, 15; ח׳ קנה ψ 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; ח׳ רעה evil beast Gn 37:20, 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17; 14:15, 21; 34:25; ח׳ טמאה Lv 5:2 (P) unclean beast; ח׳ הארץ Gn 1:25, 30; 9:2, 10(×2) (P) 1 S 17:46 Ez 29:5; 32:4; 34:28 Jb 5:22; חיתו ארץ Gn 1:24 (P) ψ 79:2; ח׳ השׂדה Ex 23:11, 29 (covt. code) Lv 26:22 (H) Dt 7:22 2 S 21:10, 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18, Ho 2:14, 20; 4:3; 13:8 Is 43:20 Je 27:6; 28:14 Ez 38:20; 39:4 Jb 5:23; 39:15; כל ח׳ השׂדה Gn 2:19, 20; 3:1, 14 (J) Jb 40:20 Je 12:9 Ez 31:6, 13; 34:5, 8; 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Is 56:9 ψ 104:11; חיתו (ב)יער Is 56:9 ψ 50:10; 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Is 35:9 destroyer among beasts. c. living beings, of the cherubic chariot Ez 1:5, 13(×2), 14, 15(×2), 19(×2), 20, 21, 22; 3:13; 10:15, 17, 20. 2. life, only in late poetry, ψ 143:3 Jb 33:18, 20, 22, 28; 36:14 Ez 7:13(×2), and (dub.) ψ 74:19; 78:50. 3. appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Jb 38:39. 4. revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָצָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Is 57:10; v. חָיָה" dir="rtl" >חָיָה 2.

βίος[ῐ], ὁ, life, i. e. not animal life (ζωή), but mode of life Refs 3rd c.AD+, manner of living (mostly therefore of men, see Refs 5th c.AD+; but also of animals, διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; διέρχεσθαι βίου τέλος uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; proverbial, ὁ ἐπὶ Κρόνου βίος 'the Golden Age', Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely in plural, Refs 4th c.BC+; τίνες καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ β.; Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in Poets sometimes ={ζωή}, βίον ἐκπνέων Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 lifetime, ἐς τὸν ἅπαντα ἀνθρώπων β. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II livelihood, means of living (in Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸν βίον κτᾶσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, ἔχειν ἀπό τινος, to make one's living off, to live by a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; β. πολύςRefs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ῐδιος β. private property, Refs 1st c.BC+; β. Δημήτριος, = corn, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III the world we live in, 'the world', οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ β., opposed to the philosophers, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ὁ β. ὁ κοινόςRefs 1st c.AD+; ἐκκαθαίρειν τὸν β., of Hercules, Refs 2nd c.AD+; also, 'the public', ἵνα ὁ β. εἰδῇ τίνα δεῖ μετακαλεῖσθαι Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV settled life, almost, = abode, ἐν τῇ Θρᾳκίᾳ νήσῳ βίους ἱδρύσαντο Refs 1st c.BC+ __V a life, biography, as those of Refs 1st c.AD+ __VI caste, διεῖλε τὸ πλῆθος εἰς τέτταρας β. Refs 1st c.BC+ __VII wine made from partly dried unripe grapes, Refs 1st c.AD+ __VIII Astrology texts, the second region, Refs 4th c.AD+ (Cf. Sanskrit jīv´s 'alive', j[imacracute]vati 'live', Latin uīvus, etc.)

† מִחְיָה n.f. preservation of life, sustenance, מ׳ Gn 45:5 + 4 times; cstr. מִחְיַת Lv 13:10, 24; sf. מִחְיָתֶ֑ךָ Ju 17:10;— 1. preservation of life Gn 45:5 (E), 2 Ch 14:12. 2. sustenance Ju 6:4; 17:10. 3. reviving, Ezr 9:8, 9. 4. the quick (בָּשָׂר) מִחְיַת the quick (or raw spot) of the flesh Lv 13:10, 24 (P).

† חַי adj. living (BH id.);— 1. of God: cstr. חַי Dn 4:31, emph. חַיָּא 6:21, 27; men, pl. emph. חַיַּיָּא the living 2:30; 4:14 (חַי עָֽלְמָא). 2. pl. as n. abstr. life (BH חַיִּים): חַיִּין 7:12; cstr. חַיֵּי Ezr 6:10.

† חֶ֫לֶד n.[m.] Jb 11:17 duration, world (= αἰών) (Arabic خُلْدٌ perpetual duration, eternity)—abs. ח׳ ψ 17:14; חָ֑לֶד Jb 11:17 + 2 times + Is 38:11 Che De, sq. Cod. Bab. etc. (Baer חָ֑דֶל); sf. חֶלְדִּי ψ 39:6; = duration of life Jb 11:17 ψ 39:6 (‖ יָמַי), זְכֹר אֲנִי מֶה־חָ֑לֶד 89:48 of what duration I am Dr§ 189. 2, or (אדני for אני) what is life(?) Hi Ew Now al.; world (= αἰών, not κόσμος) ψ 17:14; 49:2 (ישׁבי ח׳ ‖ כל־עמים), cf. Is 38:11 (v. supr.; ‖ אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים).

βῐ-ωτικός, ή, όν, fil for life, lively, τὴν διάνοιαν β. καὶ εὐμήχανος, ={βιομήχανος}, Refs 4th c.BC+, ={χρήσιμος ἐν τῷ βίῳ}, as in Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II of or pertaining to life, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ -κή (i.e. τέχνη) Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὰ β. κριτήρια, opposed to λογικά, NT+2nd c.AD+.; β. σύμβολα business documents, Refs 2nd c.BC+; β. θρησκεία popular superstition Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὰ β.Refs 1st c.AD+ adverb -κῶς in the tone of common life, Refs 2nd c.BC+; in popular language, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 βιωτικά, τά, victuals, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἡ β. ἀγορά Refs

βίωσις, εως, ἡ, way of life, NT: in a Jewish Inscription, ἐνάρετος β. Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐν μιᾷ β. ματ᾽ ἀλλήλων Refs 6th c.AD+

† II. [חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk (Arabic حَىٌّ a group of families united by vital ties RSK 36–40 DrSm 119), pl. sf. חַיַּי 1 S 18:18, incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life RV, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk, We Ki Dr RS SS RVm VB. It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת אבי We (Klo reads אַחַי וּ).