Horns and Trumpets

קֶ֫רֶן75 n.f. Je 48:25 horn;—abs. ק׳ Is 5:1 +, קָ֑רֶן, ψ 75:5; cstr. קֶ֫רֶן Jos 6:5 +; sf. קַרְנִי 1 S 2:1 ψ 92:11, etc.; du. קַרְנַיִם Hb 3:4, קְרָנַיִם Dn 8:3, 6, -נָ֑יִם v 3, 20; cstr. קַרְנֵי, קַרְנוֹת ψ 75:11, sf. קַרְנָיו Gn 22:13 Dt 33:17, קְרָנָיו Dn 8:7, קַרְנֵיכֶם Ez 34:21; pl. (usually in der. senses) קְרָנוֹת Ez 43:15 +; cstr. קַרְנֹת Ex 29:12 +, sf. קַרְנֹתָיו 27:2 +, etc.;—horn: †1. a. of ram (אַיִל) Gn 22:13, so in Daniel’s vision Dn 8:3(×2), 6, 7, 20, and (of goat) v 5, 8, 9, 21; of oppressors in Isr. (under fig. of rams) Ez 34:21, so of nations Zc 2:2(×3); of רְאֵם Dt 33:17 ψ 22:22 (both fig., cf. 92:11); of Zion under fig. of threshing-ox Mi 4:13; ק׳ בַּרְזֶל 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10 (symbol.); seen in Zech.’s vision Zc 2:1. b. used as oil-flask 1 S 16:1, 13 1 K 1:39 (cf. קֶרֶן הַפּוּךְ Infr.). c. ק׳ הַיּוֹבֵל, as wind-instr. Jos 6:5 (cf. שׁוֹפָר). d. קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Ez 27:15 (from curved shape of tusks). †2. fig., of pers., symbl of strength Dt 33:17, ק׳ יִשְׁעִי 2 S 22:3 = ψ 18:3 (of י׳ as deliverer); others sub 3 or 4; especially as lifted up (רום, as of a lordly animal, cf. Dr 1 S 2:1), denoting increase of might, dignity 1 S 2:1, 10 La 2:17 ψ 75:11; 89:18, 25; 92:11; 112:9, so perhaps 1 Ch 25:5 (v. Kau; > Be blow loudly [cf. 1 c]), + לְעַמּוֹ ψ 148:14 (subj. י׳); also haughtiness, arrogance 75:5, 6; opp. גָּדַע ק׳ hew off horns, i.e. reduce, humiliate, La 2:3 ψ 75:11, pass. Je 48:25, so וְעֹלַלתִּי בֶעָפָר קַרְנִי Jb 16:15; אַצְמִיחַ ק׳ לְבֵית יִשׂ׳ Ez 29:21 is appar. of restoration of might (as ψ 148:14 supr., c. וַיָּרֶם), but אַצ׳ ק׳ לְדָוִד ψ 132:17 of raising up individual ruler of Davidic line. 3. of altar, horn-like projections at corners (26 times), Am 3:14; Je 17:1; Ez 43:15, 20 ψ 118:27 Ex 27:2(×2) + 8 times Ex, Lv 4:7, 18 + 6 times Lv (all P); as sanctuary, refuge 1 K 1:50, 51; 2:28. †4. hill (so in Arabic, peak, isolated hill, cf. Ges) Is 5:1. †5. קַרְנַיִם מִיָּדוֹ לוֹ Hb 3:4 rays at his side(s) had he (of lightning-flashes in theoph, cf. Now Da).—Am 6:13 v. קַרְנַיִם n.pr.loc.

שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר n.m. Is 27:13 horn, for blowing (Aramaic שׁיפורא √ dub.; CAdlerPAOS 1889, clxxi ff. cp. Assyrian š/sappar(u) a species of wild goat; in any case the שׁ׳ is a curved horn, as of cow or ram, cf. Dr Am 2:2 (with illustr.));—abs. שׁוֹ׳ 2 S 6:15 +, שׁ׳ Ex 19:16 +; cstr. שׁוֹפַר Lv 25:9; pl. שׁוֹפָרוֹת Ju 7:22 +, cstr. שׁוֹפְרוֹת Jos 6:4 +; sf. שׁוֹפְרֹתֵיהֶם Ju 7:8;—horn, mostly as used in war, rarely, and chiefly late, as sacred instr.: Ho 8:1; Ju 7:8, 16; Is 58:1 (sim.) Jb 39:25 (בְּדֵי שׁ׳, v. דַּי 2 a); שׁ׳ (הַ)יּוֹבְלִים Jos 6:4 rams’ horns (v. יבל), so v 6, 8, 13 (all E); קוֹל (הַ)שׁ׳ Ex 19:16, 19; 20:18 (Gi v 15), Jos 6:5, 20 (all E), Am 2:2 + 13 times; תָּקַע בַּשּׁ׳ = give a blast with the horn, Ju 3:27; 6:34; Jos 6:4 + 9 times Jos, 1 S 13:3; 1 K 1:34, 39 + 9 times, + (י׳ subj.) Zc 9:14; תָּקַע שׁ׳ Ho 5:8; Am 3:6 (vb. Niph.), Je 4:5 + 7 times, + תֹּקְעֵי הַשּׁ׳ Jos 6:9 Qr (Kt תָּֽקְעוּ) + 6 times; הַשּׁ׳ לִתְקוֹעַ Ju 7:20, בְּתֵקַע שׁ׳ ψ 150:3; also הֶעֱבִיר שׁ׳ תְּרוּעָת Lv 25:9a (H), cf. v 9b (P), יוֹם שׁ׳ וּתְרוּעָה Zp 1:16; used on religious occasions, Jos 6:4ff. Lv 25:9; Jo 2:1, 15 ψ 47:6; 81:4; 98:6; 150:3; 2 Ch 15:14.—On שׁ׳ v. AdlerThe Shophar (1894) Dr Am 2:2 HptWe ψψ Transl. 221 f. Abrahams Hast. DB trumpet.

† חֲצֹצְרָה n.f. clarion (NH חֲצוֹצֶרֶת, Aramaic חֲצוֹצַרְתָּא)—mostly P and late;—abs. ח׳ Ho 5:8; pl. abs. חֲצֹצְרוֹת Nu 10:8 + 22 times; חֲצֹצְרֹת Nu 10:9, 10; cstr. id. Nu 31:6; 2 Ch 13:12; חֲצוֹצְרֹת Nu 10:2; clarion: 1. as secular instr. Ho 5:8 (‖ שׁוֹפָר) 2 K 11:14(×2) = 2 Ch 23:13(×2). 2. as sacred instr. 2 K 12:14, especially for use by priests (only P, ψ 98 and Chr). a. תקע בח׳ (of blowing a single long blast) Nu 10:3, 4, 7, 8, to gather congreg. or נשׂיא׳ together, and, on festivals, over sacrif., ‘to be remembered before י׳,’ v 10. b. תקע תרועה בח׳, or הריע בח׳ (of sounding alarm,—a series of quick blasts) for camps to move Nu 10:5, 6, also in battle, v 9, ‘to be remembered before י��;’ so Nu 31:6; 2 Ch 13:12 (cf. v 14), both ח׳ התרועה. c. especially in Chr’s descriptions of ceremonies at festivals, to express rejoicing: 1 Ch 13:8; 15:28 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר), 16:6, 42; 2 Ch 15:14 (‖ שׁוֹפָר), 20:28; 29:26, 27; Ezr 3:10; Ne 12:35, 41, ψ 98:6 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר); הָרִים קוֹל בח׳ 2 Ch 5:13; מחצצרים בח׳ 1 Ch 15:24; 2 Ch 5:12, 13; 13:14; in 2 Ch 29:28 this pt. agrees with noun in sense, and is masc.; and the clarions (= players on the clarions) sounded.—The חֲצֹצְרָה, or (sacred) clarion, was a long, straight, slender metal tube, with flaring end, v. BenzArchäol 277; distinguished thus from the שׁוֹפָר which was originally a ram’s horn, and prob. always retained the horn-shape; the שׁוֹפָר is mentioned constantly in the earlier lit., and was used by watchmen, warriors, etc., as well as priests (v. Benzib. 276 and שׁוֹפָר).

† קֶ֫רֶן n.f. Dn 7:8 horn (v. BH קרן);—abs. ק׳ Dn 7:8; emph. קַרְנָא 3:5 +; du. (often!) קַרְ֫נַיִן 7:7; emph. -נַיָּא 7:8 +;— 1. instr. of music, Dn 3:5, 7, 10, 15. 2. symbolic, in vision, 7:7, 8(×3), 11, 20(×2), 21, 24.

σαλπ-ίζω, future -ιῶLXX: aorist ἐσάλπιγξα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect σάλπιγξα (see. below):—later, future σαλπίσω NT: aorist ἐσάλπισα LXX+2nd c.AD+passive, perfect σεσάλπιγκται (περι-) Eudamidas cited in Refs 5th c.AD+:—σαλπίσσω is Tarentine, Refs; σαλπίττω Attic dialect, cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+; σαλπίδδω Boeotian dialect, Refs:—sound the trumpet, σάλπιγξι ῥυθμοὺς σ. NT+5th c.BC+ heaven trumpeted around, Refs 8th c.BC+ when the trumpet sounded, NT+5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative, ἡμέραν σ. proclaim, announce day, of the cock, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [חצצר] vb. Kt, [חצר] Qr, denominat. from חצצרה = sound a clarion— Pi. Pt. מְחַצְּצ֯רִים 2 Ch 5:13 (Qr מְחַצְּרִים) = players on clarions. Hiph. Pt. מַחְצְצ֯רִים (Qr מַחְצְרִים as Hiph. v. Köii, 252) 1 Ch 15:24; + 3 times + 2 Ch 5:12 Baer, (van d. H. מחצררים); sound with clarions מח׳ בחצצרות 1 Ch 15:24 2 Ch 5:12; 13:14; abs. sounded (sounding) 2 Ch 7:6; 29:28, cf. חֲצֹצְרָה" dir="rtl" >חצצרה ad fin. (Kt in all to be pronounced (prob.) מְחַצְצְרִים).

κέρᾰς, τό, Epic dialect genitive Κέρᾰος, Attic dialect contraction κέρως; Epic dialect dative κέρᾰϊ (elided) or κέραι or κέρᾳ Refs 8th c.BC+ nominative plural κέρᾱ (see. below), genitive κεράων, κερῶν, dative κέρασι, _Epic dialect_ κεράεσσι:—Attic dialect Inscrr. have dual [κέρ]ατε Refs later Epic dialect κεράατα ([music notation]) Refs 8th c.BC+, a is shortened before a vowel, Refs 8th c.BC+; but ᾱ in Trag.and Comedy texts, κέρᾱτος Refs 5th c.BC+; compare κεραός.) __I the horn of an animal, in Refs 8th c.BC+ mostly of oxen, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀφθαλμοὶ δ᾽ ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν his eyes stood fixed and stiff like horns, Refs 8th c.BC+; as a symbol of strength, LXX+4th c.BC+; of elephants' tusks, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.2 antennae of crustaceans, Refs 4th c.BC+; of the silkworm's grub, Refs __II horn, as a material, αἱ μὲν γὰρ [πύλαι] κεράεσσι τετεύχαται Refs 8th c.BC+; the horn of animals' hoofs, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III anything made of horn, __III.1 bow, τόξον ἐνώμα.. πειρώμενος.. μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.2 of musical instruments, horn for blowing, σημῆναι τῷ κέρατι Refs 5th c.BC+; also, the Phrygian flute, because it was tipped with horn Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.3 drinking-horn, ἐκ τοῦ κέρατος αὖ μοι δὸς πιεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ ἀργυρέων κ. πίνειν Refs 5th c.BC+; for measuring liquids, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.4 Ἀμαλθείας κ. cornucopiae, see at {Ἀμάλθεια}. __IV βοὸς κ. probably a horn guard or cover attached to a fishing-line, Refs 8th c.BC+ (also explained as a fishing-line of ox-hair (compare belowsee.l), cited in Refs 1st c.AD+; perhaps an artificial bait). __IV.2 clyster-pipe, Refs 4th c.AD+ __IV.3 in plural, horn points with which the writing-reed was tipped, Refs 1st c.BC+ __V of objects shaped like horns, __V.1 a mode of dressing the hair, κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ Refs 8th c.BC+ (unless the meaning be bow),Refs 3rd c.BC+; compare iv. l, and see at {κεροπλάστης}. __V.2 arm or branch of a river, Ὠκεανοῖο κ. Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸ κ. τὸ Βυζαντίων the 'Golden Horn', Refs 3rd c.BC+; Ἑσπέρου K., name of a bay, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V.3 wing of an army, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. δεξιόν, λαιόν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.3.b κατὰ κέρας προσβάλλειν, ἐπιπεσεῖν, to attack in flank, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ κ. προσιέναι, ἕπεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.3.c ἐπὶ κέρας ἀνάγειν τὰς νέας to lead a fleet in column, Refs 5th c.BC+; of armies, κατὰ κέρας, opposed to ἐπὶ φάλαγγος, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐλᾶτε πρὸς τὸ δεξιὸν κ.; Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.4 corps ofRefsmen, ={διφαλαγγαρχία}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __V.4.b = {μεραρχία}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __V.4.c contingent of thirty-two chariots, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V.5 sailyard, ={κεραία}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __V.6 mountainpeak, variant in Refs; spur, τὸ κ. τοῦ ὄρους Refs 5th c.BC+: in plural, extremities of the earth, γῆς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V.7 in Anatomy, extremities of the uterus, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the diaphragm, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V.7.b ἁπαλὸν κ., = {πόσθη}, Refs 7th c.BC+ __V.8 of the πήχεις of the lyre, χρυσόδετον κ. Refs 5th c.BC+ (rather than the bridge, because made of horn, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VI κέρατα ποιεῖν τινι to give him horns, cuckold him, proverbial in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII = {κερατίνης}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VIII = {σταφυλῖνος ἄγριος}, Refs 1st c.AD+; ={οἰνάνθη}, uncertain in Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+

σάλπ-ιγξ, ιγγος, ἡ, war-trumpet, ὅτε τ᾽ ἴαχε σάλπιγξ Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπαὶ σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἀπὸ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, Πιερικὰ σ., of Pindar, Refs; οὐρανίη σ. thunder, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II ={σάλπισμα}, cited in Refs 4th c.BC+ __III σ. θαλασσία, ={στρόμβος}Refs 7th c.BC+; compare σάλπη. __IV name of a bird, Refs 5th c.AD+ __V a kind of comet, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VI epithet of Athena at Argos, Refs 3rd c.BC+

Included with: σαλπ-ιγκτής, οῦ, ὁ, trumpeter, Refs 5th c.BC+ authority and occurs in Refs 5th c.BC+, but has not been found in Attic dialect Inscrr.; σαλπικτής, Refs 4th c.BC+; Boeotian dialect σαλπικτάς Refs 2nd c.AD+, σαλπιγκτάς Refs 1st c.BC+; later σαλπιστής, NT+2nd c.BC+ __2 ={ὄρνις ὁμοίως σάλπιγγι φθεγγόμενος}, Refs 9th c.AD+; ={ὀρχίλος}, Refs 5th c.AD+

† קַרְנַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. conquered by Isr. Am 6:13 (so Gr We Now GASm, cf. also לֹא דְבָר p. 520 supr.; 𝔊 and most sub קֶרֶן 2); prob. in Bashan, = Καρναιν 1 Macc 5:43, 44, Καρνιον 2 Macc 12:21; also in עַשְׁתְּרוֹת ק׳ Gn 14:5 (v. iii. עַשְׁתָּרוֹת p. 800 supr.).

† תָּקוֹעַ n.[m.] a blast- (wind-) instrument (si vera l.);—abs. תָּקַע בַּתּ׳ Ez 7:14 (but del. ב, and treat תָּקוֹעַ as inf. abs., so Co and mod.).