Hope and Expectation

† I. חוּל [חִיל] vb. whirl, dance, writhe (NH, Aramaic id., dance; Arabic حَاَل change, turn; Assyrian ḫîlu, writhe in fear DlPr 191 (on ḫ = ح v. DHMZK i. 357); on form of Heb. vb. v. NöZMG, 1883, 536)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫לָה Mi 1:12 + 2 times; וְחָלָה֫ consec. Ho 11:6; חַלְתִּי Is 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Je 5:3 (but v. infr.), La 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Dt 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Is 26:18; Impf. יָחוּל Je 23:19; 30:23; 3 fs. תָּחוּל Ez 30:16 Qr (Kt Co תחיל); וַתָּחֹ֑ל Je 51:29; אחולה Je 4:19 Kt (Qr אוֹחִילָה, Hiph. יחל); יָחֻ֫לוּ 2 S 3:29; but also יָחִיל ψ 55:5 (Jb 20:21 v. ii. חול); וַיָּ֫חֶל 1 S 31:3 = 1 Ch 10:3 + Gn 8:10 (where read prob. וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as v 12; = וַיְיַחֵל Ol Di); 3 fs. תָּחִיל Is 26:17 + 2 times + Ez 30:16 Kt (cf. supr.); וַתָּ֑חֶל ψ 97:4; 2 fs. תְּחִלִין Is 45:10; יָחִילוּ ψ 77:17 = 3 times (ψ 10:5 v. ii. חול); וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Ju 3:25; וַחִילוּן Is 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Je 5:22; Imv. fs. חוּ֫לִי Mi 4:10 ψ 114:7; mpl. חִילוּ ψ 96:9 1 Ch 16:30; Inf. cstr. (לָ)חוּל Ju 21:21 Ez 30:16 (= Inf. abs.); Pt. fs. חוֹלָה Je 4:31 vid. Gf Gie and Ges§ 72 R.1.;— 1. dance Ju 21:21 (לָחוּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת ψ 96:9). 2. twist, writhe: a. in pain, especially childbirth Is 26:17; 45:10 מַה־תח׳ (‖ מה־תוליד); metaph., of sea Is 23:4 (‖ ילד); Israel 26:18 (‖ הרה), 54:1 (‖ ילד); Zion 66:7, 8 (‖ id.), Mi 4:10 (‖ גֹּ֫חִי, sim. כיולדה; cf. v. 9), Je 4:31. b. fig., be in severe pain, or anguish (mostly poet. and elevated prose), sq. מפני Dt 2:25 (‖ רגז, cf. also פַּחַד and יִרְאָה v a); Ez 30:16 Je 5:22 (‖ ירא); sq. מִלִּפְנֵי 1 Ch 16:30 ψ 114:7; abs. ψ 55:5 (‖ אימות מָוֶת נפלו עלי), Je 4:19 Kt, ψ 77:17 (‖ רגז) 97:4 Is 13:8; 23:5 Je 51:29 (‖ רָעַשׁ), Jo 2:6 Zc 9:5 (‖ ירֵא), prob. also 1 S 31:3 (cf. 28:5) = 1 Ch 10:3, cf. Öt; fig. of mts. Hb 3:10. c. in contrition Je 5:3, חָ֫לוּ der. from חול Ew Gf Gie; חלה (wrongly accented; vid. חלה Qal 2). d. in anxious longing עַד בּוֹשׁ Ju 3:25, sq. לְ Mi 1:12 (on Gn 8:10, cf. supr.) 3. whirl, whirl about עַל־רֹאשׁ יוֹאָב (i.e. blood—דמים—of Abner, from sword) 2 S 3:29; of attach of sword itself Ho 11:6 (‖ כִּלָּה, אכל), cf. La 4:6 לא חָ֫לוּ בה ידים; of tempest על ראשׁ רשׁעים יחול Je 23:19 (v a סער מִתְחוֹלֵל) = 30:23 (v a סַעַר מִתְגּוֹרֵר). Poʿlel. Impf. יְחוֹלֵל ψ 29:9; 3 fs. תְּחוֹלֵל Pr 25:23; sf. תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם Is 51:2; 2 ms. תְּחוֹלֵל Jb 35:14; וַתְּחוֹלֵל ψ 90:2; Inf. cstr. חֹלֵל Jb 39:1; Pt. מְחוֹלֵל Pr 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Dt 32:18; מְחֹלְלוֹת Ju 21:23;—1 S 18:6 ψ 87:7 v infr.; on Is 51:9 and Jb 26:13 v. חָלַל" dir="rtl" >I. חלל;— 1. dance Ju 21:23, so perhaps also 1 S 18:6 (read חַמְּחֹלְלוֹת 𝔊 We Dr; and חֹלֲלִים pt. (מ om.) ψ 87:7 RV Pe De Che Bae; cf. Qal 1). 2. writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.), of Sarah, mother of Isr., Is 51:2 (‖ אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם); of hinds Jb 39:1 ψ 29:9 (caus.); fig. of י׳’s producing earth ψ 90:2 (‖ יֻלָּד֑וּ); of his bringing forth Isr. (with difficulty, v. Di) Dt 32:18; of north wind bringing forth rain Pr 25:23; רַב מְחוֹלֵל כֹּ֑ל 26:10 a master produceth everything (on trans. see VB; Ew. al. derive from חלל wound). 3. wait anxiously (cf. Qal 2 d), sq. לְ Jb 35:14 (Elihu). Poʿlal. Pf. חוֹלָ֑לתִּי ψ 51:7 + 2 times; חוֹלָ֑לְתָּ Jb 15:7; Impf. יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ Jb 26:5;— 1. be made to writhe Jb 26:5 (הָֽרְפָאִים). 2. be brought forth Jb 15:7 (‖ תִּוָּלֵד), ψ 51:7 (‖ יחם), metaph. of wisdom Pr 8:24, 25. Hiph. Impf. יָחִיל ψ 29:8(×2) cause to be in anguish, c. acc. מִדְבָּר, subj. י׳. Hoph. Impf. יוּחַל Is 66:8 be born (= travailed with, Che), subj. אֶרֶץ (‖ יִוָּלֵד גוי). Hithpol. 1. Pt. מִתְחוֹלֵל whirling סַעַר מתח׳ Je 23:19 (= סער מִתְגּוֹרֵר 30:23). 2. writhing, suffering torture Jb 15:20 (of life of wicked). 3. Imv. הִתְחוֹלֵל ψ 37:7 wait longingly sq. לְ for, ‖ דּוֹם. Hithpalp. Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Est 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.

† I. [קָוָה] vb. wait for (prob. orig. twist, stretch, then of tension of enduring, waiting: Assyrian ḳuʾû ii, i. wait, ḳû, cord; Arabic قَوِىَ be strong, قُوَّةٌ strength, also strand of rope; Syriac ܩܰܘܺܝ endure, remain, await, ܩ̈ܘܳܝܶܐ threads, so 𝔗 קַוִּין spider’s threads, web);— Qal Pt. pl. those waiting for (י׳): cstr. קֹוֵי י׳ ψ 37:9; so Is 40:31 van d. H., and Kt Baer Gi (Qr קוֹיֵי); sf. קֹוָי֑ 49:23, קֹוֶיךָ ψ 25:3; 69:7; קֹוָיו La 3:25 Qr (Kt קוו, i.e. קֹווֹ). Pi. Pf. 3 fs. קִוְּתָה ψ 130:5; 1 s. קִוִּיתִי Gn 49:18 + 5 times, קִוֵּיתִי Is 5:4, וְק׳ consec. 8:17; sf. קִוִּיתִיךָ ψ 25:21; 3 pl. קִיּוּ ψ 56:7 +, etc.; Impf. יְקֵוֶּה Mi 5:6; Jb 7:2, juss. יְקַו Jb 3:9, וַיְקַו Is 5:2, 7, etc.; Imv. ms. קַוֵּה Ho 12:7 +; Inf. abs. קַוֹּה ψ 40:2, קַוֵּה Je 8:15; 14:19;— 1. wait, or look eagerly, for, c. ל rei Is 5:7; 59:9, 11; Je 8:15, 13:16; 14:19; Jb 3:9; 6:19; לִישׁוּעָֽתְךָ Gn 49:18; c. acc. rei La 2:16 (sf.), Jb 7:2; 30:26 ψ 39:8; obj. rei om. Is 64:2; sq. inf. Is 5:2, 4 ψ 69:21; abs. Jb 17:13; c. acc. י׳ Is 26:8 (sf.), ψ 25:5, 21 (sf.), 40:2 (+ inf. abs.), 130:5, acc. om. v 5, acc. שִׁמְךָ ψ 52:11 (but read prob. אֲחַוֶּה, Hi Che Bae al., v. III. חוה); c. ל of י׳ Is 8:17; 25:9(×2); 33:2; 60:9 (but read prob. צִיִּים יִקָּווּ ships shall gather (II. קוה), so Du CheHpt Di-Kit Marti, cf. Skinner (also Luzz Gei Oort), Je 14:22; Pr 20:22; c. אֶל־אֱלֹהִים Ho 12:7, אֶל־י׳ Is 51:5 ψ 27:14(×2); 37:34. 2. lie in wait for, sq. נַפְשִׁי ψ 56:7; sq. ל pers. ψ 119:95 (+ inf. purpose). 3. wait (linger) for c. ל man Mi 5:6 (‖ יְיַחֵל).

† [יָחַל] vb.Niph. wait; Pi. await (cf. NH יִחוּלexpectation);— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נוֹחֲלָה Ez 19:5 (yet v. infr.); Impf. וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל Gn 8:12 + 1 S 13:18 Kt (v. Dr; Qr Hiph. וַיּוֹחֶל);—wait: Gn 8:12 and he waited yet seven days; so 1 S 13:8 Kt; of Isr. under fig. of lioness, וַתֵּרֶא כִּי נוֹחֲלָה אָֽבְדָה תִּקְוָתָהּ Ez 19:5 when she saw that her hope tarried, was lost (but dub.; Sm comp. Aramaic ܐܘܚܠ be weak, whence perhaps sink down; Hi (perhaps after 𝔊) כִּי נִדַּח לָהּ that he was thrust away from her; Co plausibly נוֹאֲלָה that she had acted foolishly). Pi. Pf. 2 ms. sf. יִחַלִתָּ֑נִי ψ 119:49; 1 s. יִחָ֑לְתִּי v 43 + 4 times ψ 119; 3 mpl. יִחֲלוּ Jb 29:23 Ez 13:6; יִחֵ֑לּוּ Jb 29:21; 1 pl. יִחַלְנוּ ψ 33:22; Impf. יְיַחֵל Mi 5:6; אֲיַחֵל Jb 6:11; 13:15 + 2 times; אֲיַחֲלָה 30:26; יְיַחֵ֑לוּ Is 42:4; יְיַחֵלֽוּן 51:5; Imv. יַחֵל ψ 130:7; 131:3; Pt. מְיחֵל 69:4; מְיַחֲלִים 31:25 + 2 times;— 1. wait, tarry for, sq. לְ Mi 5:6 (of rain, ‖ יְקֵוֶּה); so 1:12 according to We, who reads יִחֲלָה (Pf.) for חָלָה; abs. wait Jb 6:11; 14:14. 2. wait for = hope for, sq. לִ Is 42:4 Jb 29:21, 23; 30:26 (‖ קִוֵּיתִי), ψ 31:25; 33:18, 22; 69:4; 119:43, 74, 81, 114, 147; sq. ל inf. ויח׳ לְקַיֵּם דָּבָר Ez 13:6; sq. אֶל Is 51:5 ψ 130:7; 131:3; abs. hope, ψ 71:14. 3. caus. make to hope ψ 147:11 (sf. pers.), Hiph. Pf. הוֹחַ֫לְתִּי Jb 32:11, etc.; וְהוֹחַ֫לְתִּי (consec., v. Hi De2 Dr§§ 106, 119 γ) Jb 32:16; Impf. וַיּ֫וֹחֶל 1 S 13:8 Qr; 2 ms. תּוֹחֵל 10:8; אוֹחִיל 2 K 6:33 La 3:21, 24; אוֹחִ֫ילָה Je 4:19 Qr (Kt אָחוּלָה), Mi 7:7; אֹחִילָה 2 S 18:14;—wait, tarry, abs. (proposes shew a waiting attitude): 1 S 10:8 (sq. עַד בּוֹאִי), 13:8 (Qr; cf. Niph.); 2 S 18:14 Jb 32:16 Je 4:19 (v. I. חול 3); wait for, hope for (as Pi.), sq. לְ 2 K 6:33 Mi 7:7 La 3:24 Jb 32:11 ψ 38:16; 42:6, 12; 43:5; 130:5 (‖ קִוִּיתִי); abs. hope, La 3:21.

ἐλπίζω, Attic dialect future -ῐῶLXX+NT+4th c.BC+: aorist ἤλπισα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἤλπικα NT+3rd c.BC+: pluperfect ἠλπίκειν Refs 1st c.AD+:—middle, Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, aorist ἠλπίσθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἤλπισμαι Refs 5th c.BC+, hope for, or rather (in earlier writers) look for, expect:—Constr.: with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently with a dependent clause in infinitive, hope to do, or hope or expect that..; with future infinitive, ἐ. μιν ἀποθανέεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. τὴν Εὐρώπην δουλώσεσθαι (variant{-ασθαι}) Refs: with aorist infinitive, ἐ. ποτὲ δεῖξαι Refs 5th c.BC+; the infinitive may be omitted, ἔκλυον ἃν.. οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἤλπισ᾽ αὐδάν (i.e. κλύειν) Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἐ. ὅπως.., with future, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τὸ μηδαμὰ ἐλπισθὲν ἥξειν Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 of evils, look for, fear, in same construction, δύστανον ἐ. αἶσαν Refs 5th c.BC+ followed by aorist subjunctive, οὐδαμὰ ἐλπίσας μή κοτε ἐλάσῃ Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with present infinitive, deem, suppose that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οἰκότα ἐλπίζωνRefs 4th c.BC+; βοῦν ἢ λέοντ᾽ ἤλπιζες ἐντείνειν βρόχοι; Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 with dative, hope in.., τῇ τύχῃ NT+5th c.BC+: also with Preps., ἔν τισι LXX; πρός τιLXX+NT

προελπίζω, hope for before, NT+3rd c.BC+: generally, anticipate, expect, Refs 1st c.AD+