Downward Below Beneath

† מַ֫טָּה, מָ֑֫טָּה adv. downwards (from [מַט] for [מַטֶּה] a place of declension (cf. נָטֶה, 3 a), with ה—ָ loc., Ol222 b Köii. 260: cf. the opp. מַ֫עְלָה, sub עָלָה):— 1. alone, Dt 28:43 and thou shalt descend מַ֫טָּה מָ֑֫טָּה downwards, downwards, i.e. lower and lower, Pr 15:24 לְמַעַן סוּר מִשְּׁאוֹל מ׳. 2. לְמַ֫טָּה: a. downwards Dt 28:13 וְלֹא תִהְיֶה למ׳, Is 37:31 = 2 K 19:30 שֹׁרֶשׁ למ׳ (cf. Ph CISI. i. 2, 11 f. אל יכן לם שׁרשׁ למט ופר למעל let them not have root downwards, or fruit upwards), Je 31:37; Ec 3:21 2 Ch 32:30; Ezr 9:13 כי אתה חָשַׂכְתָּ לְמַ֫טָּה מֵעֲוֹנֵנוּ either (Be) hast kept back, downward, part of our iniquity (prevented it from appearing, and being counted against us), or, held us (Ges), or thy anger (Ke), back, below (cf. לְמַ֫עְלָה מֵעַל above, 2 Ch 34:4) our iniq. (punished us less than our iniq. deserved). b. וּלְמַ֫טָּה, (a) of space, and downwards, Ez 1:27 וּמִמַּרְאֵה מָתְנָיו ול׳, 8:2; (b) of age, and under, 1 Ch 27:23 לְמִבֶּן עשׂרים שׁנה ול׳. 3. מִלְּמַ֫טָּה beneath (v. מִן 9 a: opp. מִלְמַעְלָה above), Ex 26:24 = 36:29, 27:5 = 38:4, 38:27 = 39:20.

† תַּחְתִּי adj. and subst. lower, lowest (places):—fs. תַּחְתִּיָּה †ψ 86:13, תַּחְתִּית Ex 19:17 +; mpl. תַּחְתִּיִּם †Gn 6:16; fpl. תַּחְתִּיּוֹת ψ 63:10 +;—Ex 19:17 ויתיצבו בְּתַתְתִּית הָהָר in the lower part of the mt., Ju 1:15 = Jos 15:19 (so read here with 𝔊 MSS 𝔖 𝔗 𝔙 for גֻּלֹּת תַּחְתִּיּוֹת) אֵת גֻּלַּת תַּחְתִּית the lower spring, Jb 41:16 כְּפֶלַח תַּהְתִּית like the lower mill-stone, Gn 6:16 (P) תַּחְתִּיִּם = lower stories; of Sheʾôl, Dt 32:22 עַד שְׁאוֹל תַּחְתִּית to the lowest Sheʾôl, ψ 86:13 מִשְּׁ׳ תַּחְתִּיָּה, so אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית the lowest earth (or land), i.e. Sh., Ez 31:14, 16, 18, אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת the land of lowest places 26:20; 32:15, 24, בּוֹר תַּחְתִּיּוֹת the pit of lowest places Lam 3:55 ψ 88:7, תַּחְתִּיּוֹת הָאָרֶץ 63:10 (+ perhaps 71:20) the lowest places of the earth, תּ׳ אֶרֶץ Is 44:23, and fig. of the dark and hidden interior of the womb ψ 139:15.—Ne 4:7 וָאַעֲמִיד מִתַּחְתִּיּוֹת לַמָּקוֹם and I set (𝔊L and they stood) at parts below (מִן as in מִתַּחַת לְ) the place (where they were to work), so Ke Gu, but text perhaps corrupt (Berthol Sgf).

† תַּחְתּוֹן adj. lower, lowest;—abs. תּ׳ Jos 16:3 +, fs. -תֹּנָה Is 22:9 +, fpl. -תֹּנֹת Ez 42:5, 6;—lower, Is 22:9 הַבְּרֵכָה הַתּ׳ the lower pool (in Jerus.), of pavement and gate of outer (lower) temple-court Ez 40:18, 19 (l. השּׁ׳ הַתַּחְתּוֹן), of lower ledge (עֲזָרְה) of altar, 43:14; of the lowest of the three stories of side-chambers surrounding the temple, 1 K 6:6 הַיָּצוּעַ הַתּ׳, + v 8a (v. תִּיכוֹן), Ez 41:7 (read וּמִן for וְכֵן), 42:5, 6; in place-name, בֵּית־חֹרוֹן תּ׳ Jos 16:3; 18:13; 1 K 9:17 (‖ 2 Ch 8:5 הַתּ׳), בֵּית־חֹרוֹן הַתּ׳ 1 Ch 7:24; 2 Ch 8:5.

κάτω, adverb, (κατά): __I with Verbs implying Motion, downwards, ἐπισκύνιον κ. ἕλκεται Refs 8th c.BC+; especially of the nether world, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. διεχώρει αὐτοῖς they suffered from diarrhoea, Refs 5th c.BC+; φάρμακον πῖσαι κ. give a purgative, Refs; κ. βοηθεῖν go down to help, Refs 4th c.BC+; for ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἄνω κάτω, etc., see at {ἄνω} (B) Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2 downwards, in a chain of causes, ἐπὶ τὸ κ. ἰέναι Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.3 with genitive, down from, πετρῶν ὦσαι κ. Refs 5th c.BC+. __II with Verbs implying Rest (so more frequently in Prose), beneath, below, opposed to ἄνω, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.b in the world below, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; οἱ κ. the dead, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.c geographically below, southward, Refs 5th c.BC+; also κ. οἰκεῖν to dwell on the coast, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ. κ. Γαλατία lower Galatia, Plu Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.d in the race-course, τὰ κ. the starting-place, opposed to τὰ ἄνω (the goal), Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.e τὰ κ. τῶν μελῶν the lower limbs of the body, Refs; ἡ κ. κοιλία, opposed to ἡ ἄνω, Refs 4th c.BC+; περὶ τὰ κ. χωρεῖν miscarry, fail, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.f of Time, afterwards, later, Refs 1st c.AD+; οἱ κ., opposed to οἱ πάλαι, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τοῦ χρόνου κ. later in time, Refs 2nd c.AD+; compare ἄνω (B) Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.g in Logic, τὰ κ. the lower members in a descending series of genera and species, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III with genitive, under, below, κ. χθονός, γῆς, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV comparative κατωτέρω lower, downwards, Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, lower than, below, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 superlative κατωτάτω at the lowest part, τὰ κ. Refs 1st c.BC+

καταχθόν-ιος, ον, also η, ον Refs 3rd c.BC+:— subterranean, Ζεὺς καταχθόνιος, i.e. Pluto, Refs 8th c.BC+; of Pluto, Demeter, Persephone, and the Erinyes, Refs 4th c.AD+ M.; = Latin Di Manes, Refs; κ.θεοί, = Latin Di Manes, frequently in sepulchral Inscrr., Refs

κατώτερος, α, ον, comparative adjective from κάτω, lower, NT+5th c.BC+; more southerly, Refs __2 of Time, later, younger, Refs 3rd c.BC+ adverb κατωτέρω, see at {κάτω}.