Digging and Excavating

† I. חָפַר vb. dig, search for (Arabic حَفَرَ id.; Aramaic חֲפַר, ܚܦܰܪ, id.; NH חֵפֶר act of digging)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Jb 39:29; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ Jb 11:18; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ה Dt 23:14; חָפַרְתִּי Gn 21:30; חָֽפְרוּ Gn 26:18 + 2 times; חָפָ֑רוּ Gn 26:32; חֲפָרוּהָ Nu 21:18; Impf. וַיַּחְפֹּר Gn 26:18, 22; וַיַּחְפִּרֵהוּ ψ 7:16; וָאֶחְפֹּר Je 13:7; יַחְפְּדוּ Jb 39:21 (but read יַחְפֹּר so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 Di) Dt 1:22; וַיַּחְפְּרוּ Gn 26:19 + 2 times; וַיַּחְפְּרֻהוּ Jb 3:21; Inf. cstr. לַחְפֹּר Jos 2:2, 3 + Is 2:20 (cf. infr.); Pt. חֹפֵר Ec 10:8;— 1. dig: a. a well, c. acc. בְּאֵר Gn 21:30 (E), 26:15, 18(×2), 19, 21, 22, 32 (J), Nu 21:18 (E); cf. Ex 7:24 (E); dig (a hole, implied as obj.) Dt 23:14; a pit, with hostile purpose, as snare or trap, fig. of malicious plan, c. acc. בּוֹר ψ 7:16 (‖ כָּרָה); so c. acc. גומץ Ec 10:8, cf. ח׳ לְנַפְשִׁי [שַׁחַת] ψ 35:7; of horse, dig, i.e. paw the ground, יַחְפֹּר בָּעֵמֶק Jb 39:21 (so read, v. supr.) he paweth in the valley (cf. Arabic حَافِرٌ hoof). b. dig for something hidden, c. acc. Jb 3:21 (fig. of longing for death), Je 13:7 (no obj. expr.) 2. search, search out, explore, c. acc. הָאָרֶץ Jos 2:2, 3 (JE), Dt 1:22; of eagle, search for food, c. acc. ח׳ אֹכֶל Jb 39:29, with especially reference to keen vision (‖ מֵרָחוֹק עֵינָיו יַבִּיטוּ); so = search or look carefully about before going to rest Jb 11:18 (no obj.).—לַחְפֹּר Is 2:20 v. חֲפַרְפָּרָה" dir="rtl" >חֲפַרְפָּרָה infr.

† I. כָּרָה vb. dig (NH id.; Aramaic כְּרָא, Ethiopic ከረየ Arabic كَرَا (c. و and especially ى, Dozy ii. 461); Syriac ܟܪܳܐ is be short, cut off (i.e. rounded off ?), Arabic كُرَةٌ ball; 𝔗 כְּרֵי heap Dalm Gr 109; Syriac ܟܰܪܝܳܐ, Mish. כרי id.; Assyrian karê, large vessels for holding corn, etc., DlHWB 353, cf. kirû (dub.) Wkl Tel Am. Vocab.; Ba ZMG 1887, 615 conjectures be round as orig. √ meaning, and comp. Arabic كَرِيَتِ السَّاقُ the leg is round);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. כָּרָה 2 Ch 16:14 ψ 7:16; 2 ms. כָּרִיתָ ψ 40:7; 1 s. כָּרִי��ִי Gn 50:5; 3 pl. כָּרוּ Je 18:20 + 3 times; sf. כָּרוּהָ Nu 21:18; Impf. 3 ms. יִכְרֶה Ex 21:33; 3 mpl. וַיִּכְרוּ Gn 26:25; Pt. כֹּרֶה Pr 16:27; 26:27;—dig a grave, קֶבֶר Gn 50:5 (J), cf. 2 Ch 16:14; a well, בְּאֵר Gn 26:25 (J), Nu 21:18 (song in JE); a pit, בּוֹר Ex 21:33; fig. of plotting against others ψ 7:16; so sq. שׁוּחָה Je 18:20, 22, sq. שִׁיחָה ψ 57:7; 119:85; sq. שַׁחַת Pr 26:27; hence כֹּרֶה רָעָה Pr 16:27 one digging a calamity; אָזְנַיִם כ׳ לִי ψ 40:7 ears hast thou dug (with allusion to the cavity of the ear) for me, thou hast given me the means of hearing and obeying thy will.—On ψ 22:17 v. כוּר" dir="rtl" >II. כּוּר. Niph. Impf. 3 ms. עַד יִכָּרֶה שַׁחַת ψ 94:13 until the pit be digged for the wicked, fig. of judgment.

† חָתַר vb. dig, row (NH id., bore (through), so Aramaic חֲתַר 𝔗 (rare))— Qal Pf. ח׳ Jb 24:16, חָתַרְתִּי Ez 12:7; Impf. וָאֶחְתֹּר Ez 8:8 יַחְתְּרוּ Ez 12:12 Am 9:2, וַיַּחְתְּרוּ Jon 1:13; Imv. חֲתָר־ Ez 8:8; 12:5;— 1. dig into houses, c. acc. בָּתִּים Jb 24:16 (of burglary); sq. בְּ into or through a wall Ez 8:8(×2) (Co del. on intern. grounds), 12:5, 7, 12; metaph. sq. בשׁאול Am 9:2 dig into Sheʾôl, i.e. as a refuge. 2. row (as digging into the water) Jon 1:13.

ὀρύσσω, Refs 8th c.BC+, Attic dialect ὀρύττω (late present imperative ὄρυγε Refs: future ὀρύξω Refs 8th c.BC+aorist ὤρυξα, Epic dialect ὄρυξα as always in Refs 8th c.BC+perfect ὀρώρῠχα (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ὠρωρύχειν Refs 2nd c.AD+:—middle, aorist ὠρυξάμην Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future ὀρυχθήσομαι (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ὠρύχθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ὀρώρυγμαι Refs; in compounds, ὤρυγμαι (κατ- Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ὀρωρύγμην Refs 5th c.BC+ —An aorist 2 active ὤρῠγον occurs in Refs 2nd c.AD+: passive ὠρύγην Refs 1st c.AD+, (κατ-) falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+:—dig, ὀρύξομεν ἐγγύθι τάφρον Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, δεξαμενὰς ὀρύξασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ὀρώρυκται (i.e. ἡ διῶρυξ) Refs; τὸ ὀρυχθέν, ={τὸ ὄρυγμα}, the trench, Refs __II dig up, [μῶλυ] Refs 8th c.BC+middle, λίθους ὠρύξατο had stones dug or quarried, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ὁ ὀρυσσόμενος χοῦς the soil that was dug up,Refs 5th c.BC+ __III dig through, i. e. make a canal through (like διορύσσειν), τὸν ἰσθμὸν ὀ. Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; of moles, burrow, either absolutely, as Refs 4th c.BC+; or γῆν ὀ., Refs __IV bury, ἔγχος.. γαίας ὀρύξας ἔνθα μήτις ὄψεται (where γαίας depends on ἔνθα) Refs 5th c.BC+ __V of a wrestler, dig into, gouge a tender part, τὠφθαλμώ Refs 5th c.BC+; gouge out, ὀφθαλμὸν ὤρυττέν τις ὥσπερ ἰχθύος Refs 4th c.BC+

σκάπτω, Refs: future σκάψω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔσκαψα Refs 5th c.BC+perfect ἔσκᾰφα (κατ-) Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future σκᾰφήσομαι (ἀπο-) Refs 1st c.AD+aorist ἐσκάφην [ᾰ] LXX+5th c.BC+: perfect ἔσκαμμαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—dig, absolutely, NT+5th c.BC+:—middle, σ. δικέλλῃ Refs 1st c.AD+ __II with accusative, __II.1 dig, delve, for cultivation, σκάπτων, ἀρῶν γῆν, ποιμνίοις ἐπιστατῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 dig about, cultivate by digging, φυτὰ σ. (as we say to hoe turnips) Refs 5th c.BC+ digs about them, digs them up, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 of the result, σ. τάφρον dig a trench, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. βαθεῖαν (i.e. τάφρον) Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, τὰ ἐσκαμμένα,= σκάμμα Refs to leap too far, or further than seemed possible, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐξορύσσω, Attic dialect ἐξορύττω, dig out the earth from a trench, τὸν ἀεὶ ἐξορυσσόμενον χοῦν Refs 5th c.BC+ — middle, ἐξορύξασθαι χάρακας make oneself a vallum, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II dig out of the ground, dig up, τοὺς νεκρούς Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄγλιθας Refs 5th c.BC+; [μορίαν] Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τοῦ χοὸς τοῦ -ομένου Refs 3rd c.BC+; φυτά Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 gouge out, ἐ. αὐτῶν τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς LXX+5th c.BC+ __II.3 metaphorically, τὸν ἐξορύσσοντα λόγον τὰ κεκρυμμένα τῶν πραγμάτων Refs 1st c.AD+

† II. [עָדַר] vb. hoe (NH id.; so Arabic (in Syria) عَدَرَ, مَعْدُور pick, hoe, Cuche (معدور also Dozy ii. 101b); cf. FlKl.Schr. ii. 628);— Niph. Impf. 3 ms. לֹא יֵעָדֵר Is 5:6 it (the vineyard) shall not be hoed (‖ יִזָּמֵר); 3 mpl. בַּמַּעְדֵּר יֵעָדֵר֑וּן 7:25 which used to be hoed with the hoe (subj. הֶהָרִים).

† I. [קוּר] vb. bore, dig (Arabic قَارَ (و) cut a round hole in, scoop out);— Qal Pf. 1 s. קַרְתִּי 2 K 19:24 I have dug (sc. a well) = Is 37:25 (Meinh conj. כָּרִתִי).— Hiph. , Pilp. , v. קָרַר" dir="rtl" >I, קָרַר²" dir="rtl" >II. קרר.

† [גּוּב] vb. dig (cf. Arabic جَابَ pierce, bore, hollow out)— Qal Pt. גָּבִים diggers or ploughmen 2 K 25:12 Kt; but cf. Qr יֹגְבִים as Je 52:16 (v. יגב) and v. גֵּב³" dir="rtl" >גֵּב infr.

† [עָזַק] vb. dig about (NH id., also surround, enclose; Aramaic עִזְקְתָא, ܥܶܙܘܬܳܐ, ܥܶܙܰܘܬܳܐ ring; Arabic عَزَقَ cleave or furrow the earth with implement مِعْزَقَةٌ Ethiopic ዐዘቅት well, cistern);— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְעַזְּקֵהוּ Is 5:2 (intens.) and he dug it carefully about.