Butchering Slaughter

שָׁחַט84 vb. slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? cf. Assyrian šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Arabic سَحَطَ slay (but ح = ḫ; is this loan-word in Arabic?); NH = BH, especially in ritual);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Je 39:6 +, sf. וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Lv 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁחַט Lv 4:24 +, 2 fs. וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Ez 16:21, 3 mpl. sf. וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Ju 12:6; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Ex 12:21; 2 Ch 35:6; Inf. abs. שָׁחֹט Is 22:13; cstr. לִשְׁחֹט Gn 22:10, -וֹט Ez 40:39, sf. שַׁחֲטָם (Ges§ 64 a) Ez 23:39; Pt. act. שׁוֹחֵט Is 66:3, etc.; pass. שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter: 1. beast for food 1 S 14:32, 34(×2); Is 22:13 (‖ הָרַג), cf. Lv 17:3(×2), for blood Gn 37:31 (E). 2. us. (51 times; Hex chiefly P, 38 times) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacobZAW xvii (1897), 51), 1 S 1:25; Ex 29:11; 34:25 (J), Lv 1:5, 11; 4:24; 9:8; Nu 19:3; 2 Ch 29:22(×2), 24 +; abs. Ez 40:41 (אֶל loc.); bird Lv 14:5, 6, 50, 51; beast in illicit sacrifice Is 66:3; c. acc. of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָּאת, etc.) Ez 40:39 (אֶל loc.), v 42; 44:11; Lv 4:24; 7:2; 14:13 +; passover lamb †Ex 12:6, acc. הַפֶּסַח †v 21; 2 Ch 30:15; 35:1, 6, 11; Ezr 6:20. 3. slaughter pers. Ju 12:6 1 K 18:40; 2 K 10:7, 14 (אֶל loc.), 2 K 25:7 = Je 39:6a = 52:10a; Je 39:6b = 52:10b; 41:7; י׳ subj. Nu 14:16 (JE); in human sacrifice Gn 22:10 (E), to false gods Ez 16:21; 23:39; Is 57:5. 4. pt. pass. = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט 1 K 10:16, 17 = 2 Ch 9:15a, 16, of shekels 2 Ch 9:15b; so also Je 9:7 Qr חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kt שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (i.e. sharpened) arrow. †Niph. Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁחֵט Nu 11:22 (J) be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵט Lv 6:18(×2) (P) be slain, of sacrifice.

† I. טֶ֫בַח n.m. Is 34:6 slaughtering, slaughter—abs. ט׳ Gn 43:16 + 6 times; טָ֑בַח Ez 21:20 + 3 times; sf. טִבְחָהּ Pr 9:2;— 1. slaughtering, slaughter, of animals for food; as acc. cogn. after טָבַח (q.v.) Gn 43:16 (J), Pr 9:2; כַּשֶּׂה לַטּ׳ יוּבָ֑ל Is 53:7, sim. of suffering servant of י׳; also Pr 7:22 sim. of fatuousness of one following a strange woman, thoughtless of consequences; יֵרְדוּ לַטּ׳ Je 50:27 metaph. of Babylonian leaders, under fig. of bullocks; so prob. 48:15, and perhaps לַטּ׳ תִּכְרָ֑עוּ Is 65:12. 2. in poet. fig. slaughter, to which the nations are given over by י׳ Is 34:2, specif. of Edom v 6 (‖ זֶבַח; v. ז׳ 6, p. 258a); of Isr. Ez 21:20, as acc. cogn. after טָבַח v 15; of Ammon v 33.

† [טָבַח] vb. slaughter, butcher, slay (NH id. (rare) and deriv.; Ph. טבח pt.; Assyrian ṭabâḫu Asrb.Annals iii. 56; Aramaic ܛܒܰܚ, טְבַח (rare) and deriv.; Arabic طَبَخَ cook meat, also bake bread; Ethiopic ጠብሐ slay)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. וּטְבָחוֹ consec. Ex 21:37; 3 fs. טָֽבְחָה Pr 9:2; 2 ms. טָבַחְתָּ La 2:21; 1 s. טָבַחְתִּי 1 S 25:11; Imv. וּטְבֹחַ Gn 43:16; Inf. cstr. טְבֹחַ Ez 21:15; לִטְבֿוֹחַ ψ 37:14 + 3 times (so Baer; van d. H לִטֽבּוֹחַ, except לִטְב֑וֹחַ Je 51:40); Pt. pass. טָבוּחַ Dt 28:31;— 1. slaughter, butcher animals for food Ex 21:37 (E), Pr 9:2 (fig. of Wisdom’s furnishing her table); so c. acc. cogn. ט׳ טֶבַח Gn 43:16 (J), ט׳ טִבְחָה 1 S 25:11; cf. also Dt 28:31, where punishment lies in fact that the owner does not eat of the slain ox; כְּכֶשֶׂב אַלּוּף יוּבַל לִטְבֿ֑וֹחַ Je 11:19 like a mild lamb that is led to slaughter, sim. of the prophet exposed to his enemies, 51:40 sim. of י׳’s vengeance upon Babylon (v. also טֶבַח, טִבְחָה), 25:34 of kings and rulers, under fig. of shepherds & choice sheep. 2. poet. & fig., slay, kill ruthlessly, c. acc. pers. ψ 37:14; abs. La 2:21 (‖ הָרַג; opp. חמל); c. acc. cogn. ט׳ טֶבַח Ez 21:15 of a sword sharpened for the slaughter of Isr. in judgment.

† הֲרֵגָה n.f. slaughter; only abs. in foll. combinations, גֵּיא ה׳; Je 7:32; 19:6 new name for גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם; יוֹם ה׳ Je 12:3 of the wicked, i.e. day of judgment; צֹאן ה׳ Zc 11:4, 7 i.e. Judah and Israel, slaughtered by their shepherds.

σφᾰγ-ή, ἡ, slaughter; the singular is frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἕστηκε.. μῆλα πρὸς σφαγὰς πυρός ready for the sacrificial fire, Refs 4th c.BC+; πολυθύτους τεύχειν σ. to offer many sacrifices, Refs 5th c.BC+: also in Prose, ὑπὸ σφαγῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; σφαγὰς τῶν γνωρίμων ποιήσαντεςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 with collateral sense of a wound, αἷμα τῶν ἐμῶν σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκφυσιῶν.. αἵματος σφαγήν the blood gushing from the wound, Refs 4th c.BC+; καθάρμοσον σφαγάς close the gaping wound, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II the throat, the spot where the victim is struck (κοινὸν μέρος αὐχένος καὶ στήθους σφαγή Refs 5th c.BC+; so in prose, οἰστοὺς.. ἐς τὰς σ. καθιέντες Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν.. διὰ τῶν σ. Refs 4th c.BC+

† טִבְחָה n.f. thing slaughtered, slaughtered meat, slaughter— 1. sf. טִבְחָתִי as acc. cogn. after טָבַח 1 S 25:11 of meat killed for food. 2. slaughter for food (= i. טֶבַח 1): כְּצֹאן ט׳ ψ 44:23 like a flock for slaughter, sim. of the harassed godly; כְּצֹאן לְטִבְחָה Je 12:3 sim. of judgment of wicked (‖ לְיוֹם הֲרֵגָה).

† מַטְבֵּחַ n.[m.] slaughtering-place (Ph. מטבח id. CISi.175), Is 14:21, for Babylonians (under implicit fig. of animals).

† [קֶ֫טֶל] n.[m.] slaughter;—מִקָּ֑טֶל MT Ob 9, but join to v 10 (then מִקֶּטֶל), 𝔊 We Now GASm.