Betrothal Engagement

† אֶזְרָח n.m. ψ 37, 35 a native (one arising from the soil; = ‘free tribesman’ RSSemi. 75)—abs. א׳ Lv 19:34 + 13 times; cstr. אֶזְרַח Ex 12:19 + 2 times;— 1. a native Israelite, usually coll., c. art., כל־הָא׳ בישׂראל Lv 23:42 (H), cf. Nu 15:13 (P); elsewhere opp. גֵּר (q.v.):—הָא׳ בִּבְנֵי ישׂר׳ Nu 15:29 (P), cf. Ez 47:22; אֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ Ex 12:19, 48 Nu 9:14 (all P); א׳ מִכֶּם Lv 19:34 v. also 17:15; 18:26; 24:16, 22 (all H); Ex 12:49 Lv 16:29 Nu 15:30 (all P), Jos 8:33 (D). 2. a native tree, growing in its natural soil א׳ רַעֲנָן ψ 37:35 (fig. of prosperous wicked).

† [אָרַשׂ] vb. betroth (Mish. ארס, Ph. ארש in n.pr., LagSem i. 50 connects with Arabic أَرْشٌ a fine, lit. pay the price, & so gain the right of possession; cf. Aramaic אָרִיס one who farms land; Assyrian mirsu, tribute, Zehnpf BAS i. 518)—only Pi. Pu.; Pi. Pf. 3 ms. אֵרַשׂ Dt 20:7; אֵרַשְׂתִּי 2 S 3:14; sf. אֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ Ho 2:21(×2), 22; Impf. 2 ms. תְּאָרֵשׂ Dt 28:30;—betroth (subj. man) obj. woman, אִשָּׁה Dt 20:7; 28:30; sq. ב of price paid to father & ל of husband 2 S 3:14; ב of gift to bride & ל of husband Ho 2:21, 22, where fig. of Yahweh’s covenant mercy to Israel. Pu. Pf. 3 fs. אֹרָ֑שָׂה be betrothed, c. לֹא, subj. בְּתוּלָה Ex 22:15 Dt 22:28 (נער בתולה); Pt. f. מְאֹרָשָׂה Dt 22:23, where affirmed of נער בתולה (sq. ל of husband) v 25, 27 (in both subj. הַנַּעֲרָ֯).

μνηστ-εύω, Doric dialect μναστ-, aorist ἐμνήστευσα: perfect μεμνήστευκα Refs 1st c.BC+:—middle, future μνηστεύσομαι Refs 4th c.AD+: perfect μεμνήστευμαι Refs 2nd c.AD+, in passive sense, NT:—court, seek in marriage, with accusative, ἀγαθήν τε γυναῖκα καὶ ἀφνειοῖο θύγατρα μνηστεύειν Refs 8th c.BC+; woo and win, espouse, Refs 6th c.BC+:—middle, court for oneself, Περσεφόνης γάμον Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, of the woman, μναστευθείσᾳ᾽ ξ Ἑλλάνων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II promise in marriage, betroth, τινά τινι Refs 5th c.BC+; γάμον μνηστεύειν (with or without τινι) to bring about a marriage for another, help him to a wife, Refs 3rd c.BC+ —passive, τῇ μεμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ γυναικί his betrothed wife, NT __II.b metaphorically, τοσόνδε κίνδυνον αὐτῷ ὁ ὄλεθρος τῶν ἀδελφῶν μ. Refs 1st c.AD+ __III generally, sue, canvass for a thing, with accusative, χειροτονίαν Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, μνηστευόμενος ἄρχειν ἑκόντων Refs 1st c.AD+ —also in middle, μ. πόλεμον, διαλλαγάς, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV λόγον μ. τινί pass off a speech upon a person, hawk it to him, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἁρμόζω, Attic dialect ἁρμόττω, Doric dialect ἁρμόσδω Refs 3rd c.BC+ (ἐφ-); participle ἁρμόσσονRefs 5th c.BC+imperfect ἥρμοζον, Doric dialect ἅρμ-Refs 5th c.BC+: future ἁρμόσωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἥρμοσαRefs 8th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἅρμοξαRefs 5th c.BC+ (συν-): perfect ἥρμοκαRefs 4th c.BC+:— middle, Epic dialect imperative ἁρμόζεοRefs 8th c.BC+ -όζου Refs 4th c.BC+: future -όσομαιRefs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἡρμοσάμηνRefs 5th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἁρμοξάμηνRefs 7th c.BC+: —passive, perfect ἥρμοσμαιRefs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ἅρμοσμαιRefs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect infinitive ἁρμόχθαιRefs 1st c.BC+; Doric dialect 3rd.pers.singular ἅρμοκταιRefs 5th c.AD+: aorist ἡρμόσθηνRefs 5th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἁρμόχθηνRefs 3rd c.AD+: future ἁρμοσθήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—fit together, join, especially of joiner's work, ἥρμοσεν ἀλλήλοισιν (i.e. τὰ δοῦρα) Refs 8th c.BC+ (also in middle, put together, ἁρμόζεο χαλκῷ εὐρεῖαν σχεδίηνRefs 5th c.BC+; ἁ. πόδα ἐπὶ γαίας plant foot on ground, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν ἁσυχαία βάσει βάσιν ἅρμοσαι (aorist imperative middle) Refs 5th c.BC+kiss, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁ. ψαλίοις ἵππους furnish them with.., Refs __b generally, adapt, accommodate, ἁ. δίκην εἰς ἕκαστον award each his just due, Refs 6th c.BC+; σφισὶν βίοτον ἁ. accord them life, Refs 5th c.BC+; apply a remedy, Refs 5th c.BC+; make ready, τοὐπτάνιονRefs:—middle, accommodate, suit oneself, πρὸς τὴν παροῦσαν πάντοθ᾽ ἁρμόζου τύχην Philem.[same place]; πρός τιναRefs 2nd c.AD+; ἁ. σύνεσιν acquire it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of marriage, betroth, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁ. γάμον, γάμους,Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, betroth to oneself, take to wife, τὴν θυγατέρα τινόςRefs 5th c.BC+ (but middle = active, NT+2nd c.AD+passive, ἁρμόσθαι θυγατέρα τινὸς γυναῖκα have her betrothed or married to one, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἐκείνῳ τῇδέ τ᾽ ἦν ἡρμοσμένα as troth was plighted between him and her, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 bind fast, ἁ. τινὰ ἐν ἄρκυσιRefs 5th c.BC+ __4 set in order, regulate, govern, στρατόνRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, [νόμοις] οὐκ ἄλλοισιν ἁρμοσθήσεταιRefs 5th c.BC+; κονδύλοις ἡρμοττόμην I was ruled or drilled with cuffs, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4.b in the Spartan Constitution, act as harmost, ἐν ταῖς πόλεσινRefs 5th c.BC+ __5 in Music, tune instruments, τὸ σύμφωνονRefs 5th c.BC+:—middle, ἁρμόττεσθαι ἁρμονίανRefs; ἁ. λύραν tune one's lyre,Refs 5th c.BC+ adapt them to a subject, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, of the lyre, ἡρμόσθαι to be tuned,Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁμονοητικὴ καὶ ἡρμοσμένη ψυχή at harmony with itself, Refs __6 compose, ᾆσμαRefs 2nd c.AD+ __II intransitive, fit well, of clothes or armour, ἥρμοσε δ᾽ αὐτῷ [θώρηξ] Refs 8th c.BC+; ἆρ᾽ ἁρμόσει μοι (i.e. τὰ ὑποδήματα); Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς τρόποις ἁ. ὥσπερ περὶ πόδα fit like a shoe, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b in Mathematics texts, coincide with, with dative, Refs 3rd c.AD+; correspond, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 suit, be adapted for, τινίRefs 5th c.BC+; τόδ᾽ οὐκ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλον ἁρμόσει shall not be adapted to another, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἴς τι, πρός τι, Refs 5th c.BC+; of medicines, Refs 1st c.AD+; of an argument, apply, Refs 4th c.BC+is applicable, Refs __II.3 impersonal, ἁρμόζει it is fitting, with accusative et infinitive, σιγᾶν ἂν ἁρμόζοι σεRefs 5th c.BC+: c.infinitive only, λόγους οὓς ἁρμόσει λέγεινRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 participle ἁρμόζων, ουσα, ον, fitting, suitable, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἁρμόζουσα ἀπόφασις the appropriate verdict, Refs 3rd c.BC+ Praef.; ἀλλήλοιςRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 to be in tune, λύραν ἐπίτειν᾽ ἕως ἂν ἁρμόσῃRefs 3rd c.BC+

† IV. [חָרַף] vb. acquire (cf. Arabic حَرَفَ turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one’s family)—only Niph. Pt. f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (viz. as his concubine) Lv 19:20 (H; cf. NH חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).

† [כְּלוּלָה] n.f. betrothal;—only pl. כְּלוּלֹתָ֑יִךְ (cf. ‘espousals’) Je 2:2 thy betrothal-time (‖ נְעוּרַיִךְ).