H0781 H0781
betroth (Piel: active betrothing); be betrothed (Pual: passive state)
Senses
1. betroth (Piel: active betrothing) — Piel stem of ארשׂ meaning 'to betroth, engage in marriage', used of the active party who contracts a betrothal. The Piel perfect 3ms appears in Deut 20:7 (אֵרַשׂ 'has betrothed a wife'), Piel perfect 1cs in 2 Sam 3:14 (David: אֵרַשְׂתִּי 'I betrothed'), Piel imperfect 2ms in Deut 28:30 (תְאָרֵשׂ 'you shall betroth a wife'), and Piel conjunctive perfect 1cs with 2fs suffix in Hos 2:19-20 (three-fold וְאֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ 'I will betroth you', God's covenant promise to Israel). Multilingual glosses are consistent: arb خطب 'to betroth', deu 'verloben', fra 'fiancer', hin मंगनी करना, kor 약혼하다/약혼시키다, spa 'desposar'. 6×
AR["تَخْطُبُ","خَطَبَ","خَطَبْتُهَا","وَأَخطُبُكِ"]·ben["এবং-বাগদান-করব-তোমাকে","তুমি-বাগদান-করবে","বাগদান-করেছিলাম","বাগদান-করেছে"]·DE["du-betroth","hat-betrothed","ich-betrothed","und-verlobte"]·EN["I-betrothed","and-I-will-betroth-you","has-betrothed","you-betroth"]·FR["a-fiancée","et-je-te-fiancerai","je-betrothed","tu-betroth"]·heb["אירש","ארשתי","ו-ארשתיך","תארש"]·HI["और-मंगनी-करूँगा-तुझसे","मँगनी-की-मैंने","मंगनी-करेगा","मंगनी-की-है"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-meminangmu","bagiku","dan-Aku-akan-meminangmu","engkau-pertunangkan","meminang"]·IT["e-ti-fidanzerò","ha-betrothed","io-betrothed","tu-betroth"]·jav["kula-pepacangan","lan-Kawula-pacangan-panjenengan","panjenengan-tunangan","sampun-ngepenaken"]·KO["그리고-약혼시키리라-너-를","약혼하고","약혼한-바","약혼했다"]·PT["E-desposar-te-ei","desposarás","desposei","desposou","e-desposar-te-ei"]·RU["и-обручу-тебя","обручил","обручишь"]·ES["Y-te-desposaré","desposarás","desposé","desposó","y-te-desposaré"]·SW["Na-nitakuposa","amemposa","na-nitakuposa","nilimwoa","utamchumbia"]·TR["nişanlanacaksın","nişanlandı","nişanlandım","ve-nişanlayacağım-seni"]·urd["اور-منگنی-کروں-گا-تجھ-سے","منگنی-کرےگا","منگنی-کی","میں-نے-منگنی-کی"]
2. be betrothed (Pual: passive state) — Pual (passive) stem of ארשׂ meaning 'to be betrothed, be engaged', describing the woman's status as one who has been betrothed to a man. Attested as Pual perfect 3fs (אֹרָשָׂה) in Exod 22:16, Deut 22:28, and as Pual participle feminine (מְאֹרָשָׂה / הַמְאֹרָשָׂה) in Deut 22:23, 22:25, 22:27, all in legal contexts defining the status and rights of a betrothed woman. Glosses show passive meaning: arb مخطوبة 'betrothed (f.)', deu/eng 'betrothed/is-betrothed', hin मंगनी हुई 'betrothal-occurred', kor 약혼된 'betrothed', spa 'desposada'. The Pual passive sense is lexicographically distinct from the active Piel betrothing. 5×
AR["الْمَخْطُوبَةَ","الْمَخْطُوبَةُ","تُخطَب","تُخْطَبْ","مَخْطُوبَةٌ"]·ben["বাগদত্তা"]·DE["betrothed","der-betrothed","ist-betrothed"]·EN["betrothed","is-betrothed","the-betrothed"]·FR["est-fiancée","fiancée","le-fiancée"]·heb["אורשה","ה-מאורשה","מאורשה"]·HI["मँगनी-हुई","मंगनी-हुई"]·ID["bertunangan","ia bertunangan","yang-bertunangan"]·IT["betrothed","e-betrothed","il-betrothed","è-betrothed"]·jav["dipunpacàngi,","dipuntunangaken","ingkang-dipuntunangaken"]·KO["약혼된"]·PT["a-prometida","desposada","está-prometida","prometida"]·RU["-обручённая","-обручённую","обручена","обручённая"]·ES["desposada","está-desposada","la-desposada"]·SW["aliyechumbiwa","amechumbiwa"]·TR["nişanlı"]·urd["منگنی","منگنی-ہوئی"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [אָרַשׂ] vb. betroth (Mish. ארס, Ph. ארש in n.pr., LagSem i. 50 connects with Arabic أَرْشٌ a fine, lit. pay the price, & so gain the right of possession; cf. Aramaic אָרִיס one who farms land; Assyrian mirsu, tribute, Zehnpf BAS i. 518)—only Pi. Pu.; Pi. Pf. 3 ms. אֵרַשׂ Dt 20:7; אֵרַשְׂתִּי 2 S 3:14; sf. אֵרַשְׂתִּיךְ Ho 2:21(×2), 22; Impf. 2 ms. תְּאָרֵשׂ Dt 28:30;—betroth (subj. man) obj.…