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��� III. [חָלַל] vb. pollute, defile, profane; Hiph. also begin (lit. untie, loosen, open, v. Arabic) (Arabic خَلَّ untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; iv. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; NH חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi. Hiph. transit.), cf. Aramaic חֲלַל; ܚܰܠܶܠ Pa. is purify, ܐܰܚܶܠ Aph. is profane)— Niph. Pf. נִחָ֑ל Ez 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (-תִּי Co) Ez 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ez 7:24; Impf. יֵחָ֑ל Is 48:11, תֵּחֵל Lv 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ez 22:26; Inf. הֵחֵל Ez 20:9, 14, 22, sf. לְהֵחַלּוֹ Lv 21:4.— 1. reflex. pollute, defile oneself a. ritually, by contact with dead ‖ טמא, Lv 21:4 (H) b. sexually ‖ זנה Lv 21:9 (H). 2. Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Ez 7:24; 25:3, name of God Ez 20:9, 14, 22 Is 48:11 and even God himself Ez 22:16, 26. Pi. Pf. חִלֵּל Lv 19:8 + 3 times; sf. חִלְּלוֹ Dt 20:6; 2 ms. חִלַּלְתָּ Gn 49:4 + 3 times; 2 fs. חִלָּ֑לְתְּ Ez 22:8; 3 pl. sf. חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ez 7:21 etc., + 16 times Pf.; Impf. יְחַלֵּל Lv 21:12, 15, 23; sf. יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Dt 20:6; pl. יְחַלְּלוּ Lv 21:6 + 4 times, יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ ψ 89:32 etc., + 13 times Impf.; Inf. חַלֵּל Am 2:7 + 4 times; חַלְּלוֹ Ez 23:39 + 4 times; חַלְּלָם Je 16:18; Pt. מְחַלֵּל Ez 24:21 pl. מְחַלְּלִים Mal 1:12 Ne 13:17; sf. מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Ex 31:14; f. מְחַלֶּלֶת Lv 21:9;— 1. defile, pollute: a. sexually, Gn 49:4 (poem) = 1 Ch 5:1 (the father’s bed); a woman = זנה Lv 19:29; 21:9 (H); זַרְעוֹ Lv 21:15 (H). b. ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Ex 20:25 (JE); sacred places Lv 21:12, 23 (H), Ez 7:21, 22(×2), 23:39; 24:21; 44:7 Zp 3:4 Mal 2:11 ψ 74:7 Dn 11:31; the holy land Je 16:18; sacred things Lv 19:8; 22:9, 15 (H) Nu 18:32 (P) Ez 22:26; the sabbath Ex 31:14 (P), Is 56:2, 6 Ez 20:13, 16, 21, 24; 22:8; 23:38 Ne 13:17, 18; and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Ez 28:7, 16, 18. c. the name of God Lv 18:21; 19:12; 20:3; 21:6; 22:2, 32 (all H), Am 2:7 Je 34:16 Ez 20:39; 36:20, 21, 22, 23 Mal 1:12, God himself Ez 13:19. d. י׳ defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Is 47:6; the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Is 43:28. 2. violate the honour of, dishonour, י׳ subj., crown of Davidic kingdom ψ 89:40 (sq. לארץ pregn.), kingdom of Judah La 2:2; the גאון כל צבי Is 23:9. 3. violate a covenant ψ 55:21; 89:35 Mal 2:10, the חקות of God ψ 89:32. 4. treat a vineyard as common (v. חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Dt 20:6(×2); 28:30 Je 31:5 (v. the law Lv 19:23–25, H). Pu. Pt. שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְֿחֻלָּל בַּגּוֹיִם Ez 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations. Hiph. 1. a. Impf. לֹא אַחֵל אֶת־שֶׁם־קָדְשִׁי עוֹד Ez 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more; cp. 20:9. b. לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not violate his word Nu 30:3 (P). 2. begin, Pf. הֵחֵל Gn 6:1 + 15 times, הֵחֵ֫לָּה Ju 20:40, הַחִלּוֹתָ Dt 3:24 Est 6:13, הַחִלֹּתִי Dt 2:31 1 S 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezr 3:6 + 6 times; Impf. יָחֵל Ju 10:18; 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Gn 9:20 + 5 times, 3 fs. וַ֫תָּחֶל Ju 13:25; 16:19, 2 ms. תָּחֵל Dt 16:9, אָחֵל Dt 2:25 Jos 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ju 20:31 + 3 times, וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Gn 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ez 9:6; Imv. הָחֵל Dt 2:24, 31; Inf. cstr. הָחֵל 1 S 3:12 + 2 times; sf. הַחִלָּם Gn 11:6; Pt. מֵחֵל Je 25:29;—begin, Nu 17:11, 12 (P) Dt 16:9 2 Ch 29:27(×2); so 2 S 24:15 𝔊 We Dr. (𝔊 inserts וְ��ַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם bef. וַיָּ֫מָת); c. Inf. (ל) begin to Gn 41:54 (E), Gn 6:1; 10:8 = 1 Ch 1:10, Gn 11:6 Nu 25:1 (all J), Dt 2:25, 31; 3:24; 16:9 Jos 3:7 (D), Ju 10:18; 13:5, 25; 16:19, 22; 20:31, 39, 40 1 S 3:2; 14:35; 22:15 2 K 10:32; 15:37 1 Ch 27:24 2 Ch 3:1, 2; 29:17; 31:7, 10, 21; 34:3(×2) Ezr 3:6 Ne 4:1 Est 6:13; 9:23; Je 25:29 Jon 3:4; c. ו consec. Gn 9:20 (J) Ezr 3:8; c. בְּ begin with Gn 44:12 (J), Ez 9:6, 2 Ch 20:22; so 2 S 24:5, read וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ 𝔊L We Dr; c. מן begin from Ez 9:6; הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Dt 2:24, 31; הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending 1 S 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing my full purpose, v. Dr). Hoph. Pf. אָו הוּחַל לִקְרֹא בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Gn 4:26 (J). Note. —וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Ho 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi al.; Wü Now read וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל)—for om. of dagh. v. also וְיָחֵלוּ of Cod. Bab.—shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; Ew וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; 𝔊 וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Che We, this probably best.

ἄρχω, Epic dialect infinitive ἀρχέμεναιRefs 8th c.BC+imperfect ἦρχονRefs; Doric dialect ἆρχονRefs 5th c.BC+: future ἄρξωRefs 8th c.BC+aorist ἦρξα, Epic dialect ἄρξαRefs 8th c.BC+: perfect ἦρχαRefs 1st c.AD+:—middle, Refs 8th c.BC+; non-thematic participle ἄρχμενοςRefs 3rd c.BC+: imperfect, Refs 8th c.BC+future ἄρξομαι (in middle sense, see below) Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect ἀρξεῦμαιRefs 3rd c.BC+: aorist ἠρξάμηνRefs 8th c.BC+ —passive, perfect ἦργμαι only in middle sense, see below Refs: aorist ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναιRefs 5th c.BC+:—to be first, __I in Time, begin, make a beginning, active and middle (in Refs 8th c.BC+to be the aggressor, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin one's operations, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, Refs; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin one's speech, Refs __I.1 mostly with genitive, make a beginning of, ἄρχειν πολέμοιοRefs 8th c.BC+; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, Refs 5th c.BC+ — in middle in religious sense, = {ἀπάρχεσθαι}, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, Refs 8th c.BC+; but active, σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 with genitive, begin from or with.., ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ᾽ ἄρξομαιRefs 8th c.BC+; πόθεν ἄρξωμα; Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀπό τινος frequently in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, Refs 5th c.BC+; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+ —ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀφ᾽ ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχήRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 with genitive of things et dative person, ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.4 with accusative, ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, Refs 8th c.BC+ lead the way, Refs 8th c.BC+: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνονRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.5 of actions, σέο δ᾽ ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃRefs 8th c.BC+infinitive, τοῖσιν δ᾽ ἦρχ᾽ ἀγορεύειν among them, Refs 8th c.BC+: with participle, of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνωνRefs 8th c.BC+ __I.6 absolutely, ἄρχε take the lead! Refs 8th c.BC+: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἄρχον, opposed to τὸ ἑπόμενον, Refs 5th c.AD+: participle ἀρχόμενος at first, Refs 5th c.BC+; at the beginning, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντοςRefs 8th c.BC+ __I.7 Grammars, of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντοςRefs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ ἄρχουσα (i.e. συλλαβή) Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command, __II.1 mostly with genitive, rule, be leader of.., ΒοιωτῶνRefs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 less frequently with dative, ἀνδράσιν ἦρξαRefs 8th c.BC+; also ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ᾽ held command among them, Refs 8th c.BC+infinitive added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 absolutely, rule, ὅσον τό τ᾽ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχαRefs 4th c.BC+; especially hold a magistracy, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύεινRefs 5th c.BC+; at Athens, etc., to be archon, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) Refs __II.4 passive, with future ἄρξομαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—to be ruled, governed, etc., ὑπό τινοςRefs 6th c.BC+subjects, Refs 5th c.BC+

† II. [יָאַל] vb. only Hiph. shew willingness, be pleased, determine, undertake to do anything (and do it) (v. Ki Thes; Arabic وَأَلَ is take refuge with, escape, hasten to a place; cf. II. אול be in front of, NöMBAk 1880, 775; Sab. ואל in n.pr. מואלת DHMEpigr. Denkm. 53; perhaps Assyrian âlû, accept, LyonSargontexte 72)— Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹאִיל Ho 5:11 + 2 times; 2 ms. הוֹאַלְתָּ 1 Ch 17:27; 1 s. הוֹאַלְתִּי Gn 18:27, 31; 1 pl. הוֹאַלְנוּ Jos 7:7; Impf. וְיֹאֵל Jb 6:9 (juss.); וַיּ֫וֹאֶל Ex 2:21 + 4 times; וַיֹּאֶל 1 S 17:39 (but v. infr.); Imv. הוֹאֵל 2 S 7:29 2 K 5:23; הוֹאֶל־נָא Ju 19:6; ה֫וֹאֶל נָא 2 K 6:3; הוֹאִ֫ילוּ Jb 6:28;— 1. shew willingness to do anything, accept an invitation, acquiesce, sq. inf. וַיּ֫וֹאֶל משֶׁה לָשֶׁבֶת אֶת־הָאִישׁ Ex 2:21 (JE) and Moses was willing to dwell with the man (and did so), = Ju 17:11 (of Levite); elsewhere foll. by vb. fin.; וְלוּ הוֹאַלְנוּ וַנֵּשֶׁב Jos 7:7 and would that we had been willing and had stayed; especially imv., sq. imv.: הוֹאֶל־נָא וְלִין Ju 19:6 be willing and spend the night (kindly accept my invitation) v. Ges§ 110. 2 a, R. 2; 120. 2 a, 2 K 6:3 and (no וְ) 5:23; הוֹאִילוּ פְֿנוּ־בִי Jb 6:28 i.e. be good enough to look upon me. 2. more actively, voluntarily undertake to do anything (and do it), sq. inf.: Gn 18:27 I have undertaken to speak = v 31 (both J); so 1 S 17:39 MT, but read וַיֵּ֫לֶא, and he laboured vainly, for וַיֹּאֶל, so 𝔊, GeiUrschrift, 377 We Dr (cf. also v b לֹא אוּכַל לָלֶכֶת בָּאֵלֶּה); sq. vb. fin. הוֹאִיל מֹשֶׁה בֵּאֵר Dt 1:5 i.e. Moses took upon himself to expound the law. 3. more actively still, be pleased, determine on one’s own responsibility, resolve, sq. inf.: Jos 17:12 (JE) = Ju 1:27 but the Canaanites were determined (shewed a determination) to remain in this territory (= persisted in dwelling there); Ju 1:35 the Amorites persisted in dwelling in Har-Ḥeres, etc.; sq. vb. fin., of irreligious action, הואיל הָלַךְ Ho 5:11 Ephraim persisted, he walked after vanity (read שׁוא for צו, v. Che); elsewhere only of the divine good pleasure: sq. inf. 1 S 12:22 י׳ hath been pleased to make you a people for himself; 1 Ch 17:27; sq. vb. fin. הוֹאֵל וּבָרֵךְ 2 S 7:29 be pleased and bless the house of thy servant; וְיֹאֵל אֱלוֹהַּ וִידַכְּאֵנִי Jb 6:9 and that Eloah would be pleased and crush me! (v. Ges§ 120, 2 a DaSynt. § 83 b).

† [שְׁרָא] vb. 1. loosen 2. abide (v. BH I. שׁרה);— Pe. Inf. לְמִשְׁרֵא Dn 5:16; read מִשׁ׳ also v 12, for מְשָׁ׳ (K§ 40 n. M 87* al.);—Pt. pass. שְׁרֵא (K§ 47, Beisp. f)) 2:22; pl. שְׁרַיִן 3:25;— 1. loosen: lit. pt. pass. loosed Dn 3:25 (opp. bound); fig. loosen knots, i.e. solve difficulties, 5:12, 16. 2. abide (from loosening girths, loads, at encampment; cf. 𝔗 NH [also on pt. pass.]), fig. 2:22 (עִם pers.). Pa. Pf. 3 mpl. שָׁרִיו Ezr 5:2 begin (v. BH III. [חָלַל Hiph. 2), sq. inf. Hithpa. Pt. mpl. מִשְׁתָּרַ֫יִן Dn 5:6 joints were loosened (in fear).

ἐνάρχομαι, future -ξομαι probably in Refs 5th c.BC+:—in sacrifices, begin the offering, by taking the barley from the basket, κανᾶ δ᾽ ἐναρχέσθω τις Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect in passive sense, κανοῦν δ᾽ ἐνῆρκται Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 generally, begin, Refs 3rd c.BC+; τῆς θερείας ἐναρχομένης Refs 2nd c.BC+infinitive, πολεμεῖνRefs 1st c.BC+ make a beginning of, τῆς ἐπιβολῆς Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὁμιλιῶν engage in, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἐνῆρκται followed by a quotation, Refs 1st c.BC+: absolutely, begin to speak, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II later, in active, hold office, Refs