Ability and Power

δύνᾰμαι [ῠ], 2nd pers. singular δύνασαι Refs 8th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect δύνᾳ Refs 7th c.BC+; δύνῃ is subjunctive, Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. plural δυνέαται Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive δύνωμαι, Ionic dialect 2nd pers. singular δύνηαι Refs 8th c.BC+: imperfect 2nd pers. singular ἐδύνω Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἐδυνέατο Refs 5th c.BC+: future δυνήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect δυνᾱσοῦμαι Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐδυνησάμην Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect δυν- Refs; subjunctive δυνήσωνται Refs 7th c.BC+, never in good Attic dialect, falsa lectio in Refs 4th c.BC+passive forms, Epic dialect, Ionic dialect, Lyric poetry, ἐδυνάσθην or δυνάσθην Refs 8th c.BC+; Trag. and Attic dialect Prose ἐδυνήθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect δεδύνημαι Refs 4th c.BC+ —The double augment ἠδυνάμην is Attic dialect accusative to Refs 2nd c.AD+, but Ionic dialect accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+; ἠδύνω is required by metre in Refs 4th c.BC+; both forms occur in later writers: ἠδυνήθην occurs in Refs 5th c.BC+ is a late form frequently in Papyrus as Refs 2nd c.BC+ [ῠ, except in δῡναμένοιο Refs 8th c.BC+ __I to be able, strong enough to do, with infinitive present et aorist, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.: future infinitive is falsa lectio (πείσειν for πείθειν) in Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: frequently absolutely, with infinitive supplied from the context, εἰ δύνασαί γε if at least thou canst (i.e. περισχέσθαι), Refs 8th c.BC+: also with accusative pronoun or adjective, ὅσσον δύναμαι χερσίν τε ποσίν τε Refs 8th c.BC+; μέγα δυνάμενος very powerful, mighty, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέγα δύναται, multum valet, Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ δυνάμενοι men of power, rank, and influence, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ δυνάμενοι, opposed to οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες, Refs 3rd c.AD+; opposed to οἱ πένητες, Refs 4th c.BC+; δυνάμενος παρά τινι having influence with him, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τοῖς χρήμασι, τῷ σώματι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ δυνάμενος one that can maintain himself, Refs; of things, [διαφέρει] οἷς δύνανται differ in their potentialities, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __I.2 of moral possibility, to be able, dare, bear to do a thing, mostly with negative, οὔτε τελευτὴν ποιῆσαι δύναται Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.2.b enjoy a legal right, δ. τῆς γεωργίας ἀπηλλάχθαι Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.3 with ὡς and superlative, ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα as secretly as they could, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς δύναμαι μάλιστα κατατείνας as forcibly as I possibly can, Refs 5th c.BC+; simply ὡς ἐδύνατο in the best way he could, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II to be equivalent to, λόγοι ἔργα δυνάμενοι words that are as good as deeds, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.1 of money, to be worth, with accusative, ὁ σίγλος δύναται ἑπτὰ ὀβολούς Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, pass, be current, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 of Number, etc., to be equal or equivalent to, τριηκόσιαι γενεαὶ δυνέαται μύρια ἔτεα Refs 5th c.BC+; δυνήσεται τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν will be equivalent to the hypotenuse, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 of words, signify, mean, Refs 5th c.BC+is equivalent to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b avail to produce, οὐδένα καιρὸν δύναται brings no advantage, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.c of things, mean, 'spell', τὸ τριβώνιον τί δύνατα; Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ ἀγγελίαι τοῦτο δύνανται they mean this much, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 in Mathematics texts, δύνασθαί τι to be equivalent when squared to a number or area, τοῖς ἐπιπέδοις ἃ δύνανται in the areas of which they [the lines] are the roots, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ΒΓ τῆς Α μεῖζον δύναται τῇ ΔΖ the square on ΒΓ is greater than the square on A by the square on ΔΖ, Refs 3rd c.BC+; αἱ δυνάμεναι αὐτά [τὰ μεγέθη] the lines representing their square roots,Refs; αὐξήσεις δυνάμεναί τε καὶ δυναστευόμεναι increments both in the roots and powers of numbers, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ δυναμένη, Refs 4th c.BC+ name for the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.4.b of numbers multiplied together, come to, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III impersonal, οὐ δύναται, with aorist infinitive, it cannot be, is not to be, τοῖσι Σπαρτιήτῃσι καλλιερῆσαι οὐκ ἐδύνατο Refs 5th c.BC+; δύναται it is possible, Refs 1st c.AD+

יָכֹל, יָכוֹל vb. be able, have power, prevail, endure (NH id.; Aramaic יְכִיל; Assyrian akâlu, Hpt in KAT2Gloss i,)— Qal Pf. יָכֹל Gn 32:26 + 8 times; יָכוֹל 1 S 4:15 + 2 times; 3 fs. יָֽכְלָה Gn 36:7 Ex 2:3; 2 ms. וְיָכָלְתָּ֫ Ex 18:23; 1 s. יָכֹלְתִּי Gn 30:8 + 2 times; sf. יְכָלְתִּיו ψ 13:5; 3 pl. יָֽכְלוּ Gn 13:6 + 27 times + Jos 15:63 Qr; יָכֹ֑לוּ Ex 8:14 + 2 times; Impf. 3 ms. יוּכַל Gn 13:16 + 34 times; יוּכָ֑ל Jb 4:2 + 4 times; וַיֻּכָ֑ל Ho 12:5; 3 fs. תּוּכַל Am 7:10 + 2 times; 2 ms. תּוּכַל Gn 15:5 + 16 times; 1 s. אוּכַל Gn 19:19 + 30 times, etc. (on these Impf. forms as irreg. Qal, v. Ges§ 69, 2, R. 3 Köi. 407 WSG 237; others Hoph.); Inf. cstr. יְכֹ֫לֶת Nu 14:16 Dt 9:28; Inf. abs. יָכוֹל Nu 13:20 2 Ch 32:13; יָכֹל Nu 22:38 1 S 26:25; P 8 times (not Lv), Ez 3 times; often JED Je Is 2, not seld. SK Ch;— 1. be able, to do a thing, whether ability be physical, moral, constitutional, or dependent on external authority; usually of man Gn 13:16 (J) +, but also of gods 2 Ch 32:13, 15, and of י׳ Nu 14:16 (JE), Dt 9:28 Je 44:22; occasionally of inanimate things Am 7:10 Gn 36:7 (P), Ct 8:7 Ec 1:15(×2), etc.: a. usually sq. inf. c. לְ (122 times), Gn 31:35 I am not able to rise up; 45:1 Joseph was not able to restrain himself, v 3 48:10; Ex 7:21, 24 were not able to drink, 12:39 Jos 24:19 (all E); Gn 13:16 if a man can number the dust, 19:19, 22; 43:32; 44:22, 26(×2) Ex 10:5; 19:23 (all J), Gn 15:5 Ex 15:23 Nu 11:14 (all JE) + 10 times JE; Dt 7:17 + 10 times D; Gn 13:6 they could not dwell together, 34:14; 36:7 Ex 9:11; 40:35 Nu 9:6 Jos 9:19 (all P); 1 S 3:2; 6:20 1 K 9:21 (on ‖ 2 Ch 8:8 and text of Ju 1:19 v. BuRS 8), Am 7:10 Ho 5:13 Zp 1:18 Je 6:10; 11:11; 13:23; 18:6; 19:11 +. †b. sq. inf. without לְ (27 times; not P): Gn 37:4 Ex 2:3; 18:18, 23 (all E), Gn 24:50; 44:1 (J), Nu 22:37, 38 (JE), Dt 1:9; 7:22; 14:24; 22:29 Ju 8:3 Je 49:10, 23 Hb 1:13 Is 46:2; 47:11, 12; 57:20 La 1:14 ψ 18:39; 36:13; 78:20 Pr 30:21 Jb 4:2; 33:5. †c. c. inf. implic., always neg., Gn 29:8 go and feed them; and they said, We are not able, cannot (J), Ex 8:14 (P), Is 29;11 Je 20:9 ψ 21:12 Jon 1:13. d. c. neg. = may not (of moral inability): Gn 43:32 (J) the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; Ju 21:18 we may not give them wives; especially D, Dt 7:22; 12:17; 14:24; 16:5; 17:15; 22:3; 28:27, 35. †e. be able, sq. impf.: אוּלַי אוּכַל נַכֶּה Nu 22:6 (JE) perchance I am able (so that) we smite (v. Di; read perhaps נוּכַל for אוּכַל Ges§ 120, 1 b); לֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ La 4:14 they are unable, they touch = are unable to touch (Dr§ 163, Obs.) †f. be able, sq. pf. consec., only very late, אוּכַל וְרָאִיתִי Est 8:6(×2), lit. how shall I be able and see?—Also in various combinations where English idiom would make it an auxiliary to another verb: †g. able to gain, accomplish: sq. acc. לֹא יוּכְלוּ נִקָּיוֹן Ho 8:5 how long will they be unable (to gain) innocence? יָדַעְתִּ֯ כִּי־כֹל תּוּכָ֑ל Jb 42:2 I know that thou art able (to do) all things; אֵין הַמֶּלֶךְ יוּכַל אֶתְכֶם דָּבָר Je 38:5 the king is not (one who is) able (to do) anything with (אֶתְכם for אִתְּכֶם v. Gf, i.e. against) you. †h. able to endure: לֹא אוּכַל אָוֶן וַעֲצָרָה Is 1:13 I cannot endure iniquity and (with) a solemn assembly, ψ 101:5. †i. able to reach, sq. לְ, ψ 139:6 it is high, לֹא אוּכַל לָהּ I cannot (reach) to it. †2. prevail: a. abs. prevail, overcome, be victor Gn 30:8 (E), 32:29 (J), Ho 12:5 1 S 26:25 1 K 22:22 = 2 Ch 18:21 Je 20:7, 11; of waves 5:22; succeed Is 16:12, Je 3:5 (VB hast had thy way). b. sq. לְ pers., prevail against, over Gn 32:26 (J), Nu 13:30 (JE), Ju 16:5 1 S 17:19 Je 1:19; 15:20; 20:10; 38:22 Ob 7 ψ 129:2 Est 6:13. c. once c. sf., יְכָלְתִּיו ψ 13:5 I have prevailed over him, + Zc 9:15 (where read וְיָֽכְלוּם for וְאָֽכְלוּ with 𝔊 𝔗 KloThLZ 1879. 564 StaZAW 1881, 18). †3. abs. have ability, strength, only neg. מִשְּׂאֵתוֹ לֹא אוּכָ֑ל Jb 31:23 because of his loftiness I have no ability, am inadequate (to anything).

† יְכִל (K§ 25. a) β) vb. be able (Dn) (𝔗; Nab. (rare) SAC60; Egyptian Aramaic S-C E 8, 11 +; Chr-Pal. Schulth 83; BH יָכֹל);—Pe. 1. c. Inf. be able to do: Pf. 3 ms. יְכִל Dn 6:21 (subj. God), 2 ms. יְכֵ֫לְתָּ 2:47; Impf. 3 ms. יוּכַל (Hebraism, K§43, 1. Beisp. b) v 10, יִכֻּל 3:29 (subj. a god), 2 ms. תוכל 5:16(×2) (תִּכּוּל, Kl.c.); Pt. יָכִל 3:17; 4:34 (both subj. God); pl. יָֽכְלִין 2:27; 4:15; 6:5. 2. prevail (BH 2) against (ל), Pt. fs. יָֽכְלָה 7:21.

† שַׁלִּיט adj. having mastery, ruling;—abs. שׁ׳ Ezr 7:24 +, emph. א—ָ Dn 2:15; mpl. שְׁלִיטִין Ezr 4:20, -טִן Dn 4:23;— 1. having, exercising, mastery: a. of God, sq. ב, Dn 4:14, 22, 29; 5:21; abs., of heavens 4:23. b. of kings Ezr 4:20 (ב). 2. as n. = ruler Dn 2:10; 5:29, captain Dn 2:15. 3. having authority to do a thing (Inf.), hence impers. = it is authorized, Ezr 7:24 (so often in Syriac; cf. S-CA 11 + אנת שליט למבנה).

† [כְּהַל] vb. be able (𝔗 id.; Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap. A 6, 8, 11 +; Ethiopic ክህለ cf. syn. יְכִל);— Pe. Pt. act., usually sq. inf.: abs. כָּהֵל Dn 2:26; 4:15 (inf. om.); pl. abs. כָּֽהֲלִין 5:8, 15.

ἐνεργ-ής, ές, later form of ἐνεργός, active, effective, μηχανὰς ἐνεργεῖς ποιοῦντες Refs 1st c.BC+; of medicines, strong, Refs 1st c.AD+ more effective, πρός τινα Refs 4th c.BC+: superlative -έστατος, πρός τι Refs 1st c.BC+