H8574 H8574
Oven, furnace; a portable clay stove for baking, also used figuratively for divine wrath and intense heat.
Refers to a large earthen jar or portable stove used throughout the ancient Near East for baking bread. The word is a cultural loan traveling from Persian 'tanura' through Aramaic into Hebrew and Arabic, reflecting the shared material culture of bread-baking across Semitic civilizations. Literally, it appears in laws about ritual purity (Lev 11:35), grain offerings baked in an oven (Lev 2:4), and the dramatic smoking fire-pot of God's covenant with Abraham (Gen 15:17). Figuratively, prophets seized on its intense heat as a metaphor for divine judgment: 'the day comes, burning like an oven' (Mal 4:1), and Hosea compares the smoldering passions of conspirators to an oven heated by a baker (Hos 7:4, 7).
Senses
1. oven, furnace (literal) — A physical oven or furnace used for baking bread and cooking, a large earthen jar still known in the Levant today. Leviticus prescribes offerings baked 'in the oven' (Lev 2:4; 7:9) and declares that ovens contaminated by unclean animals must be broken (Lev 11:35). The Egyptian plague of frogs invaded ovens and kneading troughs alike (Exod 8:3). In Nehemiah, the 'Tower of the Ovens' (Neh 3:11; 12:38) marks a Jerusalem landmark, likely near a bakers' quarter. Spanish 'horno' and French 'four/fournaise' consistently render this concrete domestic sense. 10×
AR["التَّنَّورِينَ","التَّنّوراتِ","تَنُّورٌ","تَنُّورٍ","فِي-تَنُّورٍ","وَ-تَنُّورٌ","وَفِي-تَنَانِيرِكَ"]·ben["-উনুনের","-চুল্লিতে","-তে-উনুন","উনুনের","উনুনের-মতো-","ও-চুল্লি","ও-তোমার-চুল্লিতে","চুল্লি","চুল্লিগুলির"]·DE["[התנורים]","[ותנור]","[תנור]","ein-oven","ein-rauchender-Ofen","in-der-oven","in-oven","oven","und-in-dein-ovens"]·EN["a-furnace-of","an-oven","and-in-your-ovens","in-oven","in-the-oven","oven","the-Ovens"]·FR["[התנורים]","[ותנור]","dans-le-oven","dans-oven","et-dans-ton-ovens","fourneau","oven","un-oven","une-fournaise-de"]·heb["ב-ה-תנור","ב-תנור","ה-תנורים","ו-ב-תנוריך","ו-תנור","תנור"]·HI["अशुद्ध होगा","और-तेरे-तंदूरों-में","और-भट्टी","तन्दूर","तन्दूर-में","तन्दूरों-के","भत्ति","में-चूल्हे"]·ID["Perapian-itu","dan-ke-tanur-tanurmu","dan-tungku-perapian","dapur","di-dalam-satu","di-dalam-tanur","di-tanur","perapian","perapian-berasap","tungku"]·IT["[ותנור]","e-in-tuo-ovens","forno","in-il-oven","in-oven","oven","un-furnace-di","un-oven"]·jav["Pawon","kang-dipun-urupi","lan-pawon","lan-wonten-ing-tungku-nipun","luweng","pawon","wonten-ing-luweng","wonten-pakunjaran"]·KO["그-화덕들-의","그-화덕들의","그리고-네-화덕들에","그리고-화덕이","에-화덕에서","화덕-의","화덕에","화덕이","화덕이나"]·PT["e-em-fornos-teus","e-forno","em-forno","forno","forno-de","no-forno","os-Fornos"]·RU["Печей","в-печи","и-в-печи-твои","и-печь","печей","печи","печь"]·ES["en-el-horno","en-horno","horno","horno-de","los-hornos","y-en-tus-hornos","y-horno"]·SW["Tanuri","katika-tanuri","katika-tanuru","na-katika-tanuri-zako","na-tanuru-lake","tanuri","tanuru"]·TR["-da-fırın","-da-fırında","Fırınlar'ın","fırın","fırınların","ve-firini","ve-fırınlarına"]·urd["اور-بھٹی","اور-تندوروں-تیرے-میں","تندور","تندور-میں","تندوروں-کا","تندوروں-کے","تنور-میں"]
2. furnace (figurative/simile) — Figurative or simile usage evoking intense, consuming heat as an image of divine wrath, judgment, or burning passion. Malachi 4:1 warns that the coming day will burn 'like an oven,' consuming the arrogant. Hosea twice compares Israel's conspirators to an oven heated by a baker -- their fury smolders overnight and blazes at dawn (Hos 7:4, 6-7). The Psalmist declares God will make enemies 'like a fiery oven' in the time of his anger (Ps 21:9). Lamentations 5:10 uses the image of skin burning 'like an oven' to depict famine's devastation. The preposition kaf ('like') in Hebrew signals these simile constructions, consistently rendered 'como horno' in Spanish and 'wie ein Ofen' in German. 5×
AR["كَالتَّنُّورِ","كَتَنُّورٍ"]·ben["উনুনের-মত","উনুনের-মতো-","চুল্লির-মতো"]·DE["[כתנור]","wie-ein-fiery-furnace"]·EN["like-a-fiery-furnace","like-an-oven","like-oven","like-the-furnace"]·FR["[כתנור]","comme-fournaise","fourneau"]·heb["כ-תנור"]·HI["जैसे-भट्टी","जैसे-भट्ठी","तंदूर-की-तरह","तन्दूर-जैसा","तन्दूर-जैसे"]·ID["seperti-perapian","seperti-tanur"]·IT["[כתנור]","come-forno"]·jav["kados-pawon","kados-pawón"]·KO["같으니라-화덕에","같이-화로","화덕-처럼","화덩-처럼"]·PT["como-forno","como-o-forno"]·RU["как-печь"]·ES["como-el-horno","como-horno","como-horno-de"]·SW["kama-tanuru","kama-tanuru-ya"]·TR["-fırın-gibi","fırın-gibi","fırın-gibi-"]·urd["-بھٹی-کی-طرح","تندور-کی-طرح","تنور-کی-طرح","جیسے-تندور"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† תַּנּוּר n.m. Lv 26:26 portable stove or fire-pot (loan-word form Assyrian tinûru, id., according to DHMVOJ i. 23 (otherwise DvořákZK i. 155 ff.); ת׳, a large earthen jar, still in Syria, WetzstVerhandl. d. Berl. Anthrop. Gesell., 1882, 467 WhitehouseHeb. Antiq. 7, 3 ARSKEB i. 605; Arabic تَنُّورٌ is loan-word from Aramaic תַּנּוּרָא, ܬܰܢܽܘܪܳܐ, and this from Pers. tanûra, according to…