H7860 H7860
An officer, official, or foreman; a subordinate administrator responsible for organizing, supervising, or enforcing orders
A term for subordinate officials who organize, administer, and enforce instructions under higher authority. In Deuteronomy, these officers serve alongside judges and elders in the civic administration of Israel (Deut 1:15; 16:18), mustering troops and addressing the army before battle (Deut 20:5-9). In Exodus 5, however, the same word identifies the Israelite foremen set over slave labor by Pharaoh's taskmasters -- beaten when brick quotas fall short (Exod 5:14-19). Spanish distinguishes oficiales (civic/military officers) from capataces (foremen/taskmasters), reflecting the contextual shift between Israelite self-governance and Egyptian oppression.
Senses
1. officer, official — A civic, tribal, or military officer who administers communal affairs, organizes the people, and enforces instructions alongside judges and elders. Prominent in Deuteronomy's administrative framework (Deut 1:15; 16:18; 29:9; 31:28) and the conquest narratives (Josh 1:10; 3:2; 8:33; 23:2; 24:1). Spanish oficiales and the Chronicles references to Temple and judicial officers (1 Chr 23:4; 26:29; 2 Chr 26:11) confirm the broad administrative sense. 20×
AR["العُرَفاءُ", "الْعُرَفَاءُ", "الْعُرَفَاءِ", "الْـ-عَرِيفِ", "لِعُرَفَاءَ", "مُرَاقِبٌ", "وَ-شُرَطٌ", "وَ-عُرَفاءَ", "وَ-عُرَفاؤهُم", "وَ-عُرَفَاءَ", "وَ-عُرَفَاءُ", "وَ-عُرَفَاؤُهُ", "وَ-عُرَفَاؤُهُمْ", "وَ-لِ-عُرَفَائِهِ", "وَ-لِعُرَفَائِهِ", "وَالشُّرَطُ", "وَعُرَفَاءَكُمْ", "وَعُرَفَاؤُكُمْ", "وَعُرَفَاؤُهُمْ"]·ben["আর-কর্মকর্তা", "আর-কর্মকর্তারা", "আর-তাদের-কর্মচারীদের", "এবং-কর্মকর্তা", "এবং-তাদের-তত্ত্বাবধানকারীরা", "এবং-তাদের-পদাধিকারীদেরকে", "এবং-তার-কর্মচারীরা", "এবং-তোমাদের-কর্মকর্তাদের", "এবং-তোমাদের-কর্মকর্তারা", "ও-কর্মকর্তা", "ও-তার-অধ্যক্ষেরা", "কর্মকর্তারা-(সেই)", "কর্মচারী", "কর্মচারী-রূপে", "তত্ত্বাবধান", "লিফ্নে-ঈশ্বর", "সেই-কর্মকর্তারা"]·DE["[השוטר]", "[ושטריהם]", "[ושטרים]", "[לשטרים]", "[שטר]", "der-officers", "und-dein-officers", "und-fuer-officers-von-es", "und-officers", "und-sein-officers", "und-zu-officers-von-es"]·EN["and-for-officers-of-it", "and-his-officers", "and-its-officers", "and-officers", "and-their-officers", "and-to-officers-of-it", "and-your-officers", "as-officers", "officer", "the-officer", "the-officers"]·FR["[השוטר]", "[ושטריהם]", "[ושטרים]", "[לשטרים]", "et-officers", "et-officiers", "et-pour-officiers-de-il", "et-son-officers", "et-ton-officers", "et-à-officiers-de-il", "le-officers", "le-officiers", "officier"]·heb["ה-שוטר", "ה-שוטרים", "ו-ל-שוטריו", "ו-שוטר", "ו-שוטר-ם", "ו-שוטריו", "ו-שוטריכם", "ו-שוטרים", "ו-שטריו", "ל-שוטר", "שוטר"]·HI["अधिकारियों-के", "अधिकारियों-के-लिए", "अधिकारियों-ने", "अधिकारी", "और-अधिकारियों-तुम्हारे", "और-अधिकारी", "और-उनके-अधिकारियों-के", "और-उनके-अधिकारियों-को", "और-उनके-अधिकारी", "और-तुम्हारे-अधिकारियों", "और-सरदार-उनकē"]·ID["dan-mandor-mandornya", "dan-para-pejabat", "dan-para-pengatur", "dan-para-pengaturmu", "dan-para-pengawasnya", "dan-pengatur-pengatur", "dan-pengatur-pengaturmu", "dan-pengatur-pengaturnya", "dan-pengawas", "dan-pengawas-pengawas", "dan-pengawas-pengawas-mereka", "para-pengatur", "pengawas", "sebagai-pengawas-pengawas"]·IT["[השוטר]", "[ושטריהם]", "[ושטרים]", "[לשטרים]", "e-a-officers-di-esso", "e-officers", "e-per-officers-di-esso", "e-suo-officers", "e-tuo-officers", "il-officers", "officer"]·jav["dhateng-juru-cathetan", "lan-juru-cathetan", "lan-juru-tulis-ipun", "lan-pangageng-ipun", "lan-para-pejabat", "lan-para-pejabat-ipun", "lan-para-punggawa-panjenengan", "lan-para-pènget", "lan-pejabat-pejabat", "lan-penilik", "lan-prajurit-prajuritipun", "lan-pèngageng-pèngageng", "pangawas", "para-pangageng", "para-punggawa", "pengawas"]·KO["감독-이", "관리들이", "그-관리들이", "그-관원의", "그리고-관리들-로", "그리고-관리들과", "그리고-관리들을", "그리고-관리들이", "그리고-관리자들", "그리고-그들의-관리자들", "그리고-그의-관리자들", "그리고-그의-관리자들에게", "그리고-그의-행정관들", "그리고-너희의-관리들", "그리고-에게-관리들", "에-대한-관리자들"]·PT["e-a-seus-oficiais", "e-aos-seus-oficiais", "e-oficiais", "e-oficiais-seus", "e-seus-oficiais", "e-vossos-oficiais", "o-oficial", "oficial", "os-oficiais", "por-oficiais"]·RU["-надзиратели", "-надзирателями", "и-для-надзирателей-его", "и-надзирателей", "и-надзирателей-ваших", "и-надзиратели", "и-надзиратели-ваши", "и-надзиратели-его", "и-надзиратели-их", "и-надзирателями", "и-надсмотрщики", "надзиратели", "надзирателя", "надзирателями"]·ES["como-oficiales", "el-oficial", "los-oficiales", "oficial", "y-a-sus-oficiales", "y-oficiales", "y-oficiales-de-ellos", "y-sus-capataces", "y-sus-oficiales", "y-vuestros-oficiales"]·SW["afisa-huyo", "kama-maafisa", "kumweka", "maafisa", "maofisa", "msimamizi", "na-maafisa", "na-maafisa-wake", "na-maafisa-wao", "na-maafisa-wenu", "na-maofisa", "na-maofisa-wao", "na-wasimamizi-wao", "wshotriym"]·TR["-görevliler", "görevliler", "görevliler-olarak", "görevlinin", "gözetmeni", "ve-e-görevlilerine", "ve-e-görevlilerini", "ve-görevliler", "ve-görevlileri", "ve-görevlileriniz", "ve-görevlilerinizi", "ve-gözetmenleri", "ve-memurlar"]·urd["افسروں-کے-لیے", "اور-افسر", "اور-افسر-اس-کے", "اور-اُن-کے-افسر", "اور-تمہارے-عہدیدار", "اور-تمہارے-عہدیداروں", "اور-سرداروں", "اور-عہدیداروں-اس-کے-کو", "اور-نگران", "اور-نگران-ہیں-اُن-کے", "اور-نگرانوں-کو-اُس-کے", "سردار", "شوطر-کے", "عہدےدار", "نگران"]
Exod 5:10, Num 11:16, Deut 1:15, Deut 16:18, Deut 20:5, Deut 20:8, Deut 20:9, Deut 29:10, Deut 31:28, Josh 3:2, Josh 8:33, Josh 23:2 (+8 more)
2. foreman, taskmaster — A foreman or overseer set over forced laborers, specifically the Israelite foremen appointed by Egyptian taskmasters to supervise brick-making (Exod 5:6, 10, 14, 15, 19). These men occupied an intermediate position -- answerable to Pharaoh's overseers yet responsible for their own people. Spanish capataces and the construct 'officers of the sons of Israel' (shotrei benei Yisrael) mark this as a distinct contextual sense: supervisors under oppression rather than administrators with authority. 5×
AR["عُرَفاءَ", "عُرَفَاءَهُمْ", "عُرَفَاءُ"]·ben["অধ্যক্ষরা", "অধ্যক্ষেরা", "কর্মকর্তাদেরকে", "তার-অধ্যক্ষদের"]·DE["officers-von", "sein-officers"]·EN["his-officers", "officers-of"]·FR["officers-de", "officiers-de", "son-officers"]·heb["שוטרי", "שוטריו"]·HI["अधिकारियों", "सरदअरõ-उनकē", "सरदार", "सरदारõ-ने"]·ID["mandor-mandor", "mandor-mandornya", "para-pengatur"]·IT["officers-di", "suo-officers"]·jav["juru-tulis", "juru-tulis-ipun", "para-punggawa"]·KO["관리들에게", "그의-행정관들에게", "행정관들이"]·PT["oficiais-de", "oficiais-seus"]·RU["надзиратели", "надзирателям", "надзирателям-его"]·ES["capataces-de", "oficiales-de", "sus-capataces"]·SW["maafisa-wa", "wasimamizi", "wasimamizi-wao"]·TR["-görevlilerine", "gözetmenleri", "gözetmenlerine"]·urd["افسر", "افسروں-اس-کے", "افسروں-نے", "سرداروں"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שֹׁטֵר n.m. official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—abs. שׁ׳ Pr 6:7, שׁו׳ 2 Ch 26:11; pl. שֹׁטְרִים Dt 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (cf. Dr Dt 1:15 Gray Nu 11:16): organizing people for marching Jos 1:10; 3:2 (both E), cf. Dt 20:5, 8, 9; appointed over Isr. by Egyptian overseers Ex 5:14, cf. v 6,…