H7860 H7860
An officer, official, or foreman; a subordinate administrator responsible for organizing, supervising, or enforcing orders
A term for subordinate officials who organize, administer, and enforce instructions under higher authority. In Deuteronomy, these officers serve alongside judges and elders in the civic administration of Israel (Deut 1:15; 16:18), mustering troops and addressing the army before battle (Deut 20:5-9). In Exodus 5, however, the same word identifies the Israelite foremen set over slave labor by Pharaoh's taskmasters -- beaten when brick quotas fall short (Exod 5:14-19). Spanish distinguishes oficiales (civic/military officers) from capataces (foremen/taskmasters), reflecting the contextual shift between Israelite self-governance and Egyptian oppression.
Senses
1. officer, official — A civic, tribal, or military officer who administers communal affairs, organizes the people, and enforces instructions alongside judges and elders. Prominent in Deuteronomy's administrative framework (Deut 1:15; 16:18; 29:9; 31:28) and the conquest narratives (Josh 1:10; 3:2; 8:33; 23:2; 24:1). Spanish oficiales and the Chronicles references to Temple and judicial officers (1 Chr 23:4; 26:29; 2 Chr 26:11) confirm the broad administrative sense. 20×
AR["العُرَفاءُ","الْعُرَفَاءُ","الْعُرَفَاءِ","الْـ-عَرِيفِ","لِعُرَفَاءَ","مُرَاقِبٌ","وَ-شُرَطٌ","وَ-عُرَفاءَ","وَ-عُرَفاؤهُم","وَ-عُرَفَاءَ","وَ-عُرَفَاءُ","وَ-عُرَفَاؤُهُ","وَ-عُرَفَاؤُهُمْ","وَ-لِ-عُرَفَائِهِ","وَ-لِعُرَفَائِهِ","وَالشُّرَطُ","وَعُرَفَاءَكُمْ","وَعُرَفَاؤُكُمْ","وَعُرَفَاؤُهُمْ"]·ben["আর-কর্মকর্তা","আর-কর্মকর্তারা","আর-তাদের-কর্মচারীদের","এবং-কর্মকর্তা","এবং-তাদের-তত্ত্বাবধানকারীরা","এবং-তাদের-পদাধিকারীদেরকে","এবং-তার-কর্মচারীরা","এবং-তোমাদের-কর্মকর্তাদের","এবং-তোমাদের-কর্মকর্তারা","ও-কর্মকর্তা","ও-তার-অধ্যক্ষেরা","কর্মকর্তারা-(সেই)","কর্মচারী","কর্মচারী-রূপে","তত্ত্বাবধান","লিফ্নে-ঈশ্বর","সেই-কর্মকর্তারা"]·DE["[השוטר]","[ושטריהם]","[ושטרים]","[לשטרים]","[שטר]","der-officers","und-dein-officers","und-fuer-officers-von-es","und-officers","und-sein-officers","und-zu-officers-von-es"]·EN["and-for-officers-of-it","and-his-officers","and-its-officers","and-officers","and-their-officers","and-to-officers-of-it","and-your-officers","as-officers","officer","the-officer","the-officers"]·FR["[השוטר]","[ושטריהם]","[ושטרים]","[לשטרים]","et-officers","et-officiers","et-pour-officiers-de-il","et-son-officers","et-ton-officers","et-à-officiers-de-il","le-officers","le-officiers","officier"]·heb["ה-שוטר","ה-שוטרים","ו-ל-שוטריו","ו-שוטר","ו-שוטר-ם","ו-שוטריו","ו-שוטריכם","ו-שוטרים","ו-שטריו","ל-שוטר","שוטר"]·HI["अधिकारियों-के","अधिकारियों-के-लिए","अधिकारियों-ने","अधिकारी","और-अधिकारियों-तुम्हारे","और-अधिकारी","और-उनके-अधिकारियों-के","और-उनके-अधिकारियों-को","और-उनके-अधिकारी","और-तुम्हारे-अधिकारियों","और-सरदार-उनकē"]·ID["dan-mandor-mandornya","dan-para-pejabat","dan-para-pengatur","dan-para-pengaturmu","dan-para-pengawasnya","dan-pengatur-pengatur","dan-pengatur-pengaturmu","dan-pengatur-pengaturnya","dan-pengawas","dan-pengawas-pengawas","dan-pengawas-pengawas-mereka","para-pengatur","pengawas","sebagai-pengawas-pengawas"]·IT["[השוטר]","[ושטריהם]","[ושטרים]","[לשטרים]","e-a-officers-di-esso","e-officers","e-per-officers-di-esso","e-suo-officers","e-tuo-officers","il-officers","officer"]·jav["dhateng-juru-cathetan","lan-juru-cathetan","lan-juru-tulis-ipun","lan-pangageng-ipun","lan-para-pejabat","lan-para-pejabat-ipun","lan-para-punggawa-panjenengan","lan-para-pènget","lan-pejabat-pejabat","lan-penilik","lan-prajurit-prajuritipun","lan-pèngageng-pèngageng","pangawas","para-pangageng","para-punggawa","pengawas"]·KO["감독-이","관리들이","그-관리들이","그-관원의","그리고-관리들-로","그리고-관리들과","그리고-관리들을","그리고-관리들이","그리고-관리자들","그리고-그들의-관리자들","그리고-그의-관리자들","그리고-그의-관리자들에게","그리고-그의-행정관들","그리고-너희의-관리들","그리고-에게-관리들","에-대한-관리자들"]·PT["e-a-seus-oficiais","e-aos-seus-oficiais","e-oficiais","e-oficiais-seus","e-seus-oficiais","e-vossos-oficiais","o-oficial","oficial","os-oficiais","por-oficiais"]·RU["-надзиратели","-надзирателями","и-для-надзирателей-его","и-надзирателей","и-надзирателей-ваших","и-надзиратели","и-надзиратели-ваши","и-надзиратели-его","и-надзиратели-их","и-надзирателями","и-надсмотрщики","надзиратели","надзирателя","надзирателями"]·ES["como-oficiales","el-oficial","los-oficiales","oficial","y-a-sus-oficiales","y-oficiales","y-oficiales-de-ellos","y-sus-capataces","y-sus-oficiales","y-vuestros-oficiales"]·SW["afisa-huyo","kama-maafisa","kumweka","maafisa","maofisa","msimamizi","na-maafisa","na-maafisa-wake","na-maafisa-wao","na-maafisa-wenu","na-maofisa","na-maofisa-wao","na-wasimamizi-wao","wshotriym"]·TR["-görevliler","görevliler","görevliler-olarak","görevlinin","gözetmeni","ve-e-görevlilerine","ve-e-görevlilerini","ve-görevliler","ve-görevlileri","ve-görevlileriniz","ve-görevlilerinizi","ve-gözetmenleri","ve-memurlar"]·urd["افسروں-کے-لیے","اور-افسر","اور-افسر-اس-کے","اور-اُن-کے-افسر","اور-تمہارے-عہدیدار","اور-تمہارے-عہدیداروں","اور-سرداروں","اور-عہدیداروں-اس-کے-کو","اور-نگران","اور-نگران-ہیں-اُن-کے","اور-نگرانوں-کو-اُس-کے","سردار","شوطر-کے","عہدےدار","نگران"]
Exod 5:10, Num 11:16, Deut 1:15, Deut 16:18, Deut 20:5, Deut 20:8, Deut 20:9, Deut 29:10, Deut 31:28, Josh 3:2, Josh 8:33, Josh 23:2 (+8 more)
2. foreman, taskmaster — A foreman or overseer set over forced laborers, specifically the Israelite foremen appointed by Egyptian taskmasters to supervise brick-making (Exod 5:6, 10, 14, 15, 19). These men occupied an intermediate position -- answerable to Pharaoh's overseers yet responsible for their own people. Spanish capataces and the construct 'officers of the sons of Israel' (shotrei benei Yisrael) mark this as a distinct contextual sense: supervisors under oppression rather than administrators with authority. 5×
AR["عُرَفاءَ","عُرَفَاءَهُمْ","عُرَفَاءُ"]·ben["অধ্যক্ষরা","অধ্যক্ষেরা","কর্মকর্তাদেরকে","তার-অধ্যক্ষদের"]·DE["officers-von","sein-officers"]·EN["his-officers","officers-of"]·FR["officers-de","officiers-de","son-officers"]·heb["שוטרי","שוטריו"]·HI["अधिकारियों","सरदअरõ-उनकē","सरदार","सरदारõ-ने"]·ID["mandor-mandor","mandor-mandornya","para-pengatur"]·IT["officers-di","suo-officers"]·jav["juru-tulis","juru-tulis-ipun","para-punggawa"]·KO["관리들에게","그의-행정관들에게","행정관들이"]·PT["oficiais-de","oficiais-seus"]·RU["надзиратели","надзирателям","надзирателям-его"]·ES["capataces-de","oficiales-de","sus-capataces"]·SW["maafisa-wa","wasimamizi","wasimamizi-wao"]·TR["-görevlilerine","gözetmenleri","gözetmenlerine"]·urd["افسر","افسروں-اس-کے","افسروں-نے","سرداروں"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שֹׁטֵר n.m. official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—abs. שׁ׳ Pr 6:7, שׁו׳ 2 Ch 26:11; pl. שֹׁטְרִים Dt 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (cf. Dr Dt 1:15 Gray Nu 11:16): organizing people for marching Jos 1:10; 3:2 (both E), cf. Dt 20:5, 8, 9; appointed over Isr. by Egyptian overseers Ex 5:14, cf. v 6,…