H7633 H7633
Captivity (state); captives (collective body of prisoners taken in war)
The feminine noun שִׁבְיָה covers both the abstract condition of captivity and the concrete people who endure it. When Deuteronomy 21:11 describes an Israelite soldier seeing 'a beautiful woman among the captives,' the word points to actual persons. When 2 Chronicles 6:37-38 speaks of the exiles repenting 'in the land of their captivity,' it denotes the state or condition of being held. Jeremiah 48:46 uses both in parallel: Moab's sons go into שְׁבִי and her daughters into שִׁבְיָה. The Spanish split between 'cautivos' (persons) and 'cautiverio' (state) mirrors this distinction neatly.
Senses
1. captives (concrete persons) — Captives as a concrete collective — the body of persons taken prisoner in warfare. Deuteronomy 21:11 speaks of seeing a woman 'among the captives' (בַּשִּׁבְיָה), and 2 Chronicles 28:5, 11, 13-15 describe a 'great captivity' of people who must be returned. Deuteronomy 32:42 pairs the captives (שִׁבְיָה) with the slain (חָלָל), confirming the concrete personal reference. Spanish 'los cautivos' and French 'captivité' used in the personal-collective sense both converge here on the human referent rather than the abstract condition. 6×
AR["السَّبْيَ","فِي-السَّبْيِ","وَالسَّبَايَا"]·ben["-বন্দীদের","এবং-বন্দীর","সেই-বন্দীদের-মধ্যে"]·DE["[בשביה]","[השביה]","und-captive","unter-der-captives"]·EN["among-the-captives","and-captive","of-the-captives","the-captives"]·FR["captivité","et-captif","la-captivité","parmi-le-captifs"]·heb["ב-ה-שביה","ב-שביה","ה-שביה","ו-שביה"]·HI["और-बंदी-का","बंदियों-को","बंदियों-में"]·ID["dan-tawanan","di-antara-tawanan","tawanan"]·IT["cattività","e-captive","la-cattività","tra-il-captives"]·jav["ing-tawanan","lan-tawanan","para-tawanan"]·KO["그-포로들과","그-포로들을","그리고-포로의","에-포로"]·PT["e-cativos","entre-os-cativos","os-cativos"]·RU["в-плену","и-пленных","пленников"]·ES["a-los-cautivos","entre-los-cautivos","los-cautivos","y-los-cautivos"]·SW["mateka-hao","mateka-wale","miongoni-mwa-mateka","na-mateka"]·TR["esirler-arasında","esirleri","ve-esir"]·urd["اور-قیدیوں-کے","قیدیوں-میں","قیدیوں-کو"]
2. captivity (abstract state) — Captivity as an abstract state or condition — being held in subjection, the experience of exile. Nehemiah 3:36 (4:4 in English) speaks of 'the land of captivity,' and 2 Chronicles 6:37-38 describes the exiles reflecting on their situation 'in the land of their captivity.' Jeremiah 48:46 assigns this abstract sense to Moab's daughters going 'into captivity.' Spanish 'cautiverio' and 'en cautividad' clearly mark the experiential-state reading, as does the consistent use of possessive constructions ('her captivity,' 'their captivity') in the English glosses. 6×
AR["السَّبْيِ","سَبْيًا","سَبْيِهَا","سَبْيِهِمْ","فِي-السَّبْيِ"]·ben["তার-বন্দিত্বের","বন্দিত্বে","বন্দিত্বের-তাদের","বন্দী","বন্দীদশার"]·DE["[בשביה]","[שביה]","[שבים]","ihr-captivity"]·EN["captivity","her-captivity","into-captivity","their-captivity"]·FR["[בשביה]","captivité","sa-captivité"]·heb["ב-ה-שביה","שביה","שבים-ם"]·HI["उनकी-बन्दी","बंदियों-उसकी","बंदी","बंधुआई-के","में-कैद"]·ID["ke-dalam-tawanan","pembuangan-mereka","penawanan","tawaannya","tawanan"]·IT["[בשביה]","cattività","lei-captivity"]·jav["dhateng-boyongan","pambucalan","tawanan","tawananipun","tawananè"]·KO["그녀의-포로의","그들-의-포로","포로","포로에-"]·PT["cativeiro","em-cativeiro","seu-cativeiro"]·RU["в-плен","плена","плена-своего","пленников"]·ES["cautiverio","cautivos","en-cautividad","su-cautiverio","su-cautividad"]·SW["mateka","utumwa","utumwani","ya-uteka-wake","ya-utumwa-wao"]·TR["-de-sürgüne","esaretin","esaretlerinin-onların","esirler","esirliğinin"]·urd["اسیری-میں","اُس-کی-قید-کا","اپنی-قید-کی","قید-کی","قیدی"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שִׁבְיָה n.f. captivity, captives (coll.), cf. שְׁבִי²" dir="rtl" >שְׁבִי;—always abs. שׁ׳;— 1. state of captivity, Je 48:46 (of בָּנוֹת, ‖ שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Ne 3:36. 2. body of captives, Dt 21:11; 32:42 (‖ חָלָל), 2 Ch 28:13, 14, 15; object of שָׁבָה, v 5 (שׁ׳ גדולה), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v 11.