Search / H7628a
H7628a H7628a
Prep-m  |  47× in 2 senses
Captivity or captives; the state of being taken prisoner or the persons so taken, especially in contexts of exile and divine judgment.
A noun derived from the root שׁבה (to take captive), שְׁבִי covers both the abstract condition of captivity and the concrete group of persons captured. In prophetic literature it frequently describes Israel's exile — 'going into captivity' (Am 9:4; Jer 20:6) — while in narrative texts like Numbers 31 and Exodus 12:29 it points to actual prisoners of war. Spanish and French translations helpfully mirror this duality: 'cautiverio' vs. 'cautivos,' 'captivité' vs. 'captifs.' The preposition attached (בַּ/לַ) often signals whether the state or the people are in view.

Senses
1. captivity, state of exile The abstract condition of being held captive or living in exile. Hebrew pairs it with verbs of motion — הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁבִי 'went into captivity' (Am 9:4; Nah 3:10) — and locative prepositions. Spanish 'cautiverio' and German 'Gefangenschaft' consistently render this sense, distinguishing it from the concrete. Ezra 2:1 uses the construct בְּנֵי שְׁבִי to denote 'children of the captivity,' treating exile as a defining collective experience. 33×
PROPERTIES_RELATIONS Nature, Class, Example Geography and Space
AR["إِلَى-السَّبْيِ","ال-سَّبْيِ","السَّبْيِ","فِي-الأَسْرِ","فِي-السَّبْيِ","لِ-السَّبْيِ","لِلسَّبْيِ"]·ben["-বন্দিত্বে","-বন্দী-করে","-বন্দীত্বে","বন্দিত্বে","বন্দিত্বে-সেই","বন্দিত্বের-জন্য","বন্দীতে","বন্দীত্ব","বন্দীত্বে","বন্দীত্বের-জন্য","বন্দীদশা","বন্দীদশায়"]·DE["Gefangene","die-Gefangenen","in-Gefangene","in-Gefangenschaft","in-captivity","zu-Gefangenschaft"]·EN["in-the-captivity","into-captivity","into-the-captivity","the-captivity","to-captivity","to-the-captivity"]·FR["captif","captivité","dans-captivité","à-captivité"]·heb["ב-ה-בשבית","ב-ה-שבי","ב-שׁבי","ב-שבי","ה-שבי","ה-שבי ׀","ל-שבי"]·HI["के-लिए-बंधुआई","बंदी-में","बंधुआई","बंधुआई-के-लिए","बंधुआई-को","बंधुआई-में","बंधुआई-में।","बन्दी-होकर","में-बंधुआई","में-बंधुवाई","में-बन्दिवाई"]·ID["dalam-penawanan","dalam-penawanan,","ke-dalam-penawanan","ke-dalam-tawanan","ke-pembuangan","ke-penawanan","penawanan","tawanan","untuk-tawanan"]·IT["in-captivity","in-cattività","prigioniero"]·jav["dados-tawanan","dhateng-tawan","dhateng-tawanan","ing-boyongan","ing-ndalem-tawanan","ing-tawanan","kanggé-tawan","kanggé-tawanan","minangka-tawanan","pambucalan","tawanan","wonten-ing-tawanan;"]·KO["그-포로","그-포로에","안-에-포로-에","에-사로잡힘","에-포로로","에-포로에","에서-포로","포로-로","포로-에게","포로로","포로로-","포로에","포로에-","포로에게-속한-자는"]·PT["ao-cativeiro;","em-cativeiro","o-cativeiro","para-cativeiro","para-o-cativeiro,","para-o-cativeiro."]·RU["-к-плену","в-плен","для-плена","к-плену","плена"]·ES["al-cautiverio","el-cautiverio","en-cautiverio","en-cautividad","en-el-cautiverio","en-la-cautividad","la-cautividad","para-el-cautiverio"]·SW["kwa-utumwa","utekwani","utumwa","utumwani"]·TR["-de-esarete","ba-esir-olarak","de-esaret","esarete","esarete-","esarete-o","sürgünden","sürgüne","sürgüne-","tutsaklığa"]·urd["اسیری","بَ-قید","قید-میں","قید-کو","قید-کی","قید-کے-لیے","میں-قید"]
2. captives, captured persons Concrete reference to captured persons, either collectively or individually. In Num 31:12, 19, 26 the term denotes actual prisoners brought back from battle; in Exod 12:29 it describes the captive in Pharaoh's dungeon. Spanish 'cautivos' and French 'captifs' (plural, personal) consistently mark this reading. Possessive suffixes — שֶׁבְיְךָ 'your captives' (Judg 5:12), שִׁבְיוֹ 'his captives' (Deut 21:10) — confirm the personal, concrete force. 14×
PROPERTIES_RELATIONS Nature, Class, Example Geography and Space
AR["أَسرى","السَّبْيِ","الْ-أَسِيرِ","بِـ-السَّبْيِ","سَبْيًا","سَبْيَ","سَبْيَكَ","سَبْيَهُ","سَبْيُ","سَبْيِكِ","وَسَبْيُكُمْ"]·ben["-বন্দীদের","এবং-তোমাদের-বন্দীরা","তার-বন্দীদের","তোমার-বন্দিত্ব","তোমার-বন্দীদের","বন্দী","বন্দী-হয়ে","বন্দীদের","বন্দীর"]·DE["Gefangene","Gefangenschaft","captives","dein-captives","der-captive","der-captives","sein-captives","und-dein-captives"]·EN["and-your-captives","captive","captive-of","captives","captives-of","captives-your","his-captives","the-captive","the-captives","your-captives"]·FR["captif","captifs","captivité","et-ton-captifs","le-captif","le-captifs","son-captifs","ton-captifs"]·heb["ה-שבי","ו-שביכם","שבי","שביו","שביך","שביתייך"]·HI["और-बंदी-तुम्हारी","बंदियों-उसकी","बंदी","बंदी-का","बंदी-के","बंदीों-को-अपने","बंधुआई-तेरी","बन्दी-होकर"]·ID["dan-tawanan-tawananmu","ke-penawanan","keberuntungan-mu","tawanan","tawanan-tawanannya","tawanan.","tawananmu"]·IT["captives","cattività","e-tuo-captives","il-captive","il-captives","prigionieri","prigioniero","suo-captives","tuo-captives"]·jav["dados-tawanan","lan-tawanan-panjenengan","para-tawanan","tawanan","tawanan-panjenengan","tawananipun","tiyang-tahanan"]·KO["그-포로들과","그-포로의","그리고-너희의-포로들이니라","그의-포로를","네-포로의","사로잡은-자-를","포로","포로-로","포로-를","포로가","포로들-너의-를","포로를"]·PT["cativeiro","cativo","cativos","cativos-de","e-vossos-cativos","o-cativo","os-cativos","seus-cativos","teu-cativeiro","teus-cativos"]·RU["в-плен","и-пленники-ваши","плена","пленники","пленников","пленников-его","пленников-твоих","пленных","пленных-твоих","узника"]·ES["cautivo-de","cautivos","cautivos-de","cautivos-de-ti","el-cautiverio","el-cautivo","los-cautivos","su-cautiverio","tu-cautividad","y-vuestros-cautivos"]·SW["mateka","mateka-hayo","mateka-yake","mateka-yako","na-mateka-yenu","utumwani","wa-mateka","wako","ya-utekaji"]·TR["-esirin","-esirleri","esir","esiri-","esirin","esirler","esirlerini","tutsak","tutsaklarını","ve-esirleriniz"]·urd["اور-تمہارے-قیدی","اُس-کے-قیدیوں-کو","اپنے-قیدیوں-کو","تیری-اسیری-کی","قید-میں","قیدی","قیدی-کے","قیدیوں","قیدیوں-کے"]

Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
שְׁבִי n.m. Is 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 12:29 +, cstr. Ezr 2:1 +; שֶׁ֑בִי Nu 21:1 +; sf. שֶׁבְיְךָ Ju 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Dt 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Nu 31:19, etc.;— 1. = state of captivity, הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁ׳ Am 9:4; Dt 28:41; Na 3:10; Je 20:6; 22:22; 30:16 Ez 12:11 (+ בַּגּוֹלָה), 30:17, 18; Is 46:2; La 1:18, = הָלַךְ שְׁבִי v 5; בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Dn 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳ Ezr 9:7, נָתַן