H7622 H7622
Captivity, exile; or fortune/condition, especially in the idiom 'restore the captivity/fortunes of'
A noun with two related but distinguishable meanings that have generated centuries of scholarly debate. In most occurrences it straightforwardly denotes captivity or exile -- the state of being taken away from one's homeland, as when Deuteronomy 30:3 promises that God will 'return your captivity.' But in several key passages, particularly where the subject has never been literally exiled, the meaning broadens to 'fortune' or 'condition,' as when God restores the fortunes of Job (Job 42:10) after suffering rather than exile. The famous idiom shub shebut ('restore the captivity/fortunes') is the interpretive crux: does God reverse exile, or reverse misfortune more broadly? Often both resonate simultaneously.
Senses
1. captivity, exile — The state of captivity or exile, being taken away and held in a foreign land. Spanish 'cautividad de' and French 'captivite' directly name this condition. The word appears across the major restoration promises: Deuteronomy 30:3 ('the LORD your God will restore your captivity'), Psalm 126:4 ('restore our captivity like streams in the Negev'), and the prophetic oracles where God promises to turn back the captivity of Israel, Judah, Moab, Ammon, and Egypt (Jer 30:3; 48:47; 49:6,39; Ezek 29:14). Psalm 85:1 celebrates that God has already 'returned the captivity of Jacob,' looking back on a historical restoration from exile. 35×
AR["(سَبْيَ)","[سبي]","سَبيَ","سَبْيَ","سَبْيَ-","سَبْيَهُمْ","سَبْيِهِمْ"]·ben["(বন্দিত্ব)","(বন্দীত্ব)","[বন্দিত্ব]","বন্দিত্ব","বন্দিত্ব-","বন্দিত্ব-তাদের","বন্দীত্বকে","বন্দীদশা","বন্দীদশা-"]·DE["Gefangenschaft","[שבות]"]·EN["(the-captivity-of)","captivity-of","captivity-of-","fortunes-of","fortunes-of-","the-captivity-of","the-captivity-of-","their-captivity"]·FR["captivité"]·heb["[שבית]","שְׁבוּת","שבוּת","שבות","שבות-","שבותם"]·HI["उनकी-बन्दिवाई","बंधुआई","बंधुआई-","बंधुआई-उनकी","बंधुवाई","बन्दिवाई","बन्धुआई"]·ID["(keberuntungan)","[keberuntungan]","keadaan-","keberuntungan","keberuntungan-","ketertawanan","ketertawanan-","ketertawanan-mereka","nasib","tawanan"]·IT["cattivita","cattività"]·jav["(nasib)","[nasib]","kasejahteraan-piyambakipun","nasibipun","nasibipun-","tawan-ipun","tawanan","tawanan-","tawanan-ipun","tawananipun","umat-Kawula"]·KO["(포로를)","[포로를]","그들의-포로를","포로","포로-를","포로를","포로를-"]·PT["(cativeiro)","(sorte-de)","cativeiro-de","cativeiro-de-","cativeiro-deles"]·RU["(плен-)","[ктив]","плен","плен-","плен-их","пленение"]·ES["(cautividad-de)","[cautividad-de]","cautividad-de","cautividad-de-ellos","la-cautividad-de","su-cautividad"]·SW["Samaria","Sodoma","mateka-ya","uhamisho-wa","uhamisho-wao","utumwa-wa","wa"]·TR["(talihini)","Samarya'nın","Sodom'un","esaretini","esaretini-","esaretlerini-onların","esirlerini","sürgünlüğünü","ve-kızlarının"]·urd["(بحالی)","[اسیری]","قید","قید-","قیدی","قیدیوں","قیدیوں-ان-کے"]
2. fortune, condition — The general fortune or condition of a people, extending beyond literal captivity to encompass overall well-being or distress. This sense emerges clearly in Job 42:10, where God restores Job's 'fortunes' -- Job was never exiled but rather afflicted with suffering. English renders this as 'fortunes,' Spanish as 'fortuna,' distinguishing it from the captivity sense. Psalm 14:7 and 53:6 pray for God to restore Israel's 'fortunes' in contexts that may predate the exile. Lamentations 2:14 accuses false prophets of failing to 'restore your fortunes,' where the meaning encompasses national reversal of disaster rather than return from geographical exile. 6×
AR["(سَبْيَ)","(سَبْيَكِ)","(سَبْيَهُمْ)","سَبْيَ","سَبْيَكُمْ"]·ben["(তোমার-বন্দীদশা)","(বন্দিত্ব)","তাদের-বন্দিত্ব","তোমাদের-বন্দিত্ব","বন্দিত্ব","বন্দীত্ব"]·DE["[(שבות)]","[(שבותך)]","[(שביתם)]","[שבותיכם]","der-fortunes-von","fortunes-von"]·EN["(fortunes-of)","(their-fortunes)","(your-fortunes)","fortunes-of","the-fortunes-of","your-fortunes"]·FR["(שבות)","captivité"]·heb["שבות","שבותיכם","שבותך","שביתם"]·HI["(भाग्य)","उनकी-बंधुआई।","तुम्हारी-बंधुआई-को","तेरी-बंधुआई","बंधुआई","बंधुआई-"]·ID["(keadaan)","(kedudukanmu)","(tawanan-mereka)","nasib-kalian","tawanan"]·IT["(fortunes-of)","cattivita","cattivita'","cattività"]·jav["(kawontenan)","(tawananipun)","katawan","nasib-baik-Panjenengan","nyebar","tawanan-tawananipun"]·KO["그들의","네-포로-를","포로-너희를","포로-를","포로를"]·PT["(seu-cativeiro)","(teu-cativeiro)","a-fortuna-de-","cativeiro-de","o-cativeiro","vossos-cativos"]·RU["(плен-твой)","(пленных-их)","благосостояние","плен","пленных-ваших"]·ES["(Q:fortuna-de)","(tu-cautiverio)","cautividad-de","su-cautiverio","vuestro-cautiverio"]·SW["hali","mateka-ya","uhamisho-wako","utumwa","utumwa-wao","utumwa-wenu"]·TR["(tutsaklıklarını)","(tutsaklığını-senin)","esaretini","tutsaklığını","tutsaklığınızı"]·urd["(اُن-کی-قید)","تمہارے-قیدیوں","تیری-قید","قَیدی","قید","قیدیوں-کو"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שְׁבִית, שְׁבוּת n.f. id. (√ שׁבה 𝔊 Thes SS PreusschenZAW xv (1895), 1 ff. Krae Ez 16:53; > √ שׁוב EwJBW v (1852–3), 216 f.; § 165 b Ol§ 412, 417 Bö§ 464 Kue TTijdschr. vii. 519 ff. OortIb. xiv. 157 SchwallyZAW viii (1888), 200 al.; Köii. 1, 166 f., 474; ii. 2. § 329 i thinks deriv. of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, cf. Ew§ 166 b);—abs. שְׁבִית Nu 21:29; cstr. שְׁבוּת Ho 6:11 +, sf. שְׁבוּתְךָ Dt…