H7564 H7564
Wickedness, evil; guilt or culpable wrongdoing attributed to a person or nation.
A feminine noun denoting moral wickedness or evil conduct, used across legal, prophetic, and wisdom literature. In Deuteronomy, it characterizes the collective depravity of the Canaanite nations that justified their dispossession (Deut 9:4-5), while in Proverbs it personifies the self-destructive nature of the wicked (Prov 11:5; 13:6). Zechariah dramatically personifies it as a woman sealed in an ephah (Zech 5:8). The word carries both abstract and personal dimensions -- from national wickedness to individual culpability deserving punishment (Deut 25:2). German 'Gottlosigkeit' (godlessness) and Spanish 'maldad/impiedad' together capture its dual ethical-religious register.
Senses
1. wickedness, evil — Abstract moral wickedness or evil as a condition or quality, often characterizing groups, nations, or personified forces: the wickedness of the nations (Deut 9:4-5), wickedness that devours like fire (Isa 9:18), and the startling personification in Zechariah 5:8 where the angel declares 'this is wickedness' over a woman in an ephah. Spanish oscillates between 'maldad' (malice) and 'impiedad' (impiety), reflecting the term's range from ethical to religious dimensions. Used in Proverbs to describe the principle that wickedness overthrows those who practice it (Prov 13:6). 11×
AR["الشَّرُّ","الشَّرِّ","بِشَرِّ","لِـ-الشَّرِّ","وَ-شَرٌّ","وَبِشَرِّ","وَشَرُّ"]·ben["-দুষ্টতায়","আর-দুষ্টতা","এবং-দুষ্টতা","এবং-দুষ্টতায়","দুষ্টতা","দুষ্টতায়","দুষ্টতার"]·DE["Gottlosigkeit","[ורשעת]","[לרשעה]","[רשעה]","und-Gottlosigkeit","und-weil-von-Gottlosigkeit-von","weil-von-Gottlosigkeit-von"]·EN["and-because-of-wickedness-of","and-wickedness-of","because-of-wickedness-of","but-wickedness","the-wickedness","to-wickedness","wickedness"]·FR["[ורשעת]","[לרשעה]","[רשעה]","et-parce-que-de-méchanceté-de","et-ורשעה","la-méchanceté","parce-que-de-méchanceté-de"]·heb["ב-רשעת","ה-רשעה","ו-ב-רשעת","ו-רשעה","ו-רשעת","ל-רשעה","רישעה","רשעה"]·HI["और-दुष्टता","और-दुष्टता-से","को-दुष्टता","दुष्ट","दुष्टता","दुष्टता-की","दुष्टता-से"]·ID["dan-kejahatan","karena-kefasikan","kefasikan","kejahatan","menjadi-kejahatan","tetapi-karena-kefasikan","tetapi-kejahatan"]·IT["[רשעה]","e-ma-wickedness","e-malvagità","e-perche-di-malvagita-di","malvagità","perche-di-malvagita-di"]·jav["amargi-duraka","dhateng-duraka","duraka","kadursilan","lan-amargi-duraka","lan-kadurakaan-ipun","lan-kadursilan"]·KO["그-악함이","그러나-악함-은","그리고-악함으로-인하여","그리고-악함이","그리고-악함이-","악-을","악-의","악으로","악이","악함으로-인하여"]·PT["a-impiedade","a-maldade","e-maldade","e-maldade-de","e-maldade-de-","e-pela-maldade-de-","maldade","para-impiedade","pela-maldade-de-"]·RU["-нечестие","а-нечестие","для-нечестия","за-нечестие","и-за-нечестие","и-нечестие","и-нечестие-","нечестивость","нечестие","нечестия"]·ES["e-impiedad-de","es-la-maldad","la-maldad","maldad","para-maldad","por-la-maldad-de","sino-por-la-maldad-de","y-maldad","y-maldad-de"]·SW["kwa-uovu","kwa-uovu-wa","lakini-uovu","na-kwa-uovu-wa","na-uovu-wa","uovu"]·TR["kotuluk","kötülük","kötülük-","kötülüğe","kötülüğü","kötülüğün","kötülüğüyle","ve-kötülük","ve-kötülüğü","ve-kötülüğüyle"]·urd["اور-بدکاری","اور-شرارت","اور-شرارت-سے","شرارت","شرارت-سے","شرارت-میں","شرارت-نے","شرارت-کی"]
2. guilt, culpable wickedness — Personal, culpable wickedness attributed to a specific individual, emphasizing moral responsibility and the possibility of repentance. Deuteronomy 25:2 uses it of a guilty party deserving blows, while Ezekiel repeatedly pairs it with turning away: 'when the wicked turns from his wickedness' (Ezek 18:27; 33:12, 19). French 'son culpabilité' (his guilt) and the consistent possessive suffixes in the Hebrew (rishato, 'his wickedness') underscore the personal attribution. Proverbs 11:5 warns that the wicked fall 'by their own wickedness,' binding the concept tightly to individual accountability. 4×
AR["إِثْمِهِ","مِنْ-شَرِّهِ","وَ-بِشَرِّهِ"]·ben["এবং-তার-দুষ্টতায়","তার-দুষ্টতা-থেকে","তার-দুষ্টতার"]·DE["[מרשעתו]","sein-Schuld","und-Gottlosigkeit"]·EN["but-by-his-wickedness","from-his-wickedness","from-wickedness-his","his-guilt"]·FR["[מרשעתו]","et-son-וברשעתו-lui","son-culpabilité"]·heb["ו-ב-רשעתו","מ-רשעתו","רשעתו"]·HI["आदम","और-दुष्टता-में","दुष्टता-उसकी","से-दुष्टता-अपनी"]·ID["dari-kejahatannya","dari-kejahatannya,","kejahatannya","tetapi-dalam-kejahatannya"]·IT["e-in-ma-da-suo-wickedness-suo","malvagità","suo-colpa"]·jav["kaluputanipun","lan-ing-kadursilan","saking-kadurakaanipun","saking-kadursilanipun"]·KO["그-악행-의","그러나-그-의-악-으로","그의-악에서","자기-악함에서"]·PT["de-maldade-dele","de-sua-maldade","e-por-maldade-dele","sua-perversidade"]·RU["а-в-нечестии-своём","вины-его","от-нечестия-своего"]·ES["de-su-impiedad","de-su-maldad","su-maldad","y-por-maldad-de-él"]·SW["kutoka-uovu-wake","lakini-kwa-uovu-wake","uovu-wake"]·TR["kötülüğünden","kötülüğüne","ve-kötülüğünde-onun"]·urd["اور-شرارت-اپنی-سے","اُس-کی-شرارت","اپنی-بدکاری-سے","اپنی-شرارت-سے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† רִשְׁעָה n.f. wickedness;—abs. ר׳ Is 9:17 +; cstr. רִשְׁעַת Dt 9:4 +; sf. רִשְׁעָתוֹ Dt 25:2 +;— 1. wickedness in civil relations, Dt 25:2; Pr 13:6; Is 9:17; בְּרִשְׁעָתוֹ יפּל רָשָׁע Pr 11:5. 2. wickedness of enemies, גְּבוּל ר׳ Mal 1:4 (Edom); זאת הר׳ Zc 5:8 (personif.); לְרִשְׁעָה Ez 5:6 (del. Co); רִשְׁעַת הגוים Dt 9:4, 5. 3. wickedness, ethical and religious, עשׂה ר׳ Mal 3:15, 19, שׁוּב מֵרִשְׁעָתוֹ Ez 18:27; 33:19; רִשְׁעַת (הָ)רָשָׁע 18:20; 33:12.