Search / H7379
רִיב62 H7379
V-Qal-Imp-ms | 2ms  |  61× in 3 senses
A legal case or lawsuit; strife or quarrel between parties; a dispute or broader public controversy.
Riv spans the full arc of human conflict, from a shouting match at a well to a formal lawsuit before elders at the city gate. Its 62 occurrences cluster around two poles: the judicial, where it means a cause or case that demands adjudication, and the interpersonal, where it denotes raw contention and strife. The legal sense dominates prophetic literature -- 'the LORD has a riv against the nations' (Jer 25:31) -- while the quarrel sense appears in wisdom literature, where Proverbs repeatedly warns against the fool who stirs up riv. German consistently renders it 'Rechtsstreit,' foregrounding the legal dimension even when the context is informal.

Senses
1. legal case, lawsuit A formal legal case, lawsuit, or judicial cause brought before an authority for adjudication. This sense appears prominently in Exodus 23:3, 6 (do not pervert justice in a poor man's case), 1 Samuel 24:15 (David entrusts his riv to the LORD as judge), and Job 29:16 ('I investigated the case of the stranger'). Spanish distinguishes this with 'causa' (legal cause), while German's 'Rechtsstreit' (legal dispute) underscores the forensic setting. The possessive construction -- 'my case,' 'his case' -- frequently marks this as a matter awaiting judgment. 27×
PROPERTIES_RELATIONS Nature, Class, Example Geography and Space
AR["خُصومَتي","خُصُومَةً","خُصُومَةَ","خُصُومَتِي","خِصامًا","خِصامَكَ","خِصامَهُمْ","خِصامِهِمْ","دَعوايَ","دَعْوَاكُمْ","دَعْوَاكِ","دَعْوَايَ","في-دَعواهُ","في-نِزاعِهِ","قَضيَّتَكَ","لِ-خُصومَتي","لِدَعْوَى"]·ben["আমার-বিবাদ।","আমার-বিবাদের-জন্য","আমার-মামলা","আমার-লড়াই","তাদের-মামলা","তাদের-মোকদ্দমা","তার-বিবাদে।","তার-মোকদ্দমায়","তোমাদের-বিবাদ","তোমার-বিতর্ক","তোমার-বিবাদ","তোমার-বিবাদকে","বিচার-আমার","বিবাদ","বিবাদ-","বিবাদ-আমার","বিবাদের-জন্য"]·DE["Rechtsstreit","dein-Sache","in-sein-dispute","mein-Sache","mein-cause","stritt","zu-Rechtsstreit","zu-mein-Sache"]·EN["Your-cause","case","case-of","cause-my","for-the-cause","in-his-case","in-his-dispute","my-case","my-cause","their-cause","to-my-cause","your-case"]·FR["dans-son-dispute","dans-son-querelle-lui","leur-querelle-eux","mon-cause","procès","querelle","querelle-toi","à-procès","à-querelle"]·heb["ב-ריבו","ל-ריב","ל-ריב-י","ריב","ריב-י","ריבי","ריבך","ריבכם","ריבם"]·HI["उसके-विवाद-में","तेरा-मुक़दमा","मुकदमा","मुकदमा-अपना","मुकदमा-उनका","मुकदमे-में-अपने","मुकद्दमा","मुकद्दमा-मेरा","मुकद्दमे-के-लिए","मुक़दमा-अपना","मेरा-मुकद्दमा","मेरे-मुकदमे-को","लिए-मुकदमे-मेरे","विवाद-अपना"]·ID["Perkaramu","dalam-perkaranya","perkara","perkara-Mu","perkara-mereka","perkaraku","perkaramu","untuk-perkara"]·IT["a-la-mia-causa","causa","contesa","in-lite-suo","in-suo-dispute","la-mia-causa","lite-loro","lite-tuo","mio-causa"]·jav["ing-pasulayan","kanggo","kanggé-perkawis-kula","perkawis-Panjenengan","perkawis-kula","prakara","prakara-panjenengan","prakawis","prakawis-Kula","prakawis-ipun","prakawis-kawula","prakawis-kula","prakawisipun","wonten-prakawis-padu-nipun."]·KO["그의-소송에서","나-의-소송-을","나-의-송사-를-위하여","나의-송사를","내-송사-를","내-송사를","너희의-소송을","다툼-에-그-의","다툼-을-너-의","당신-의-송사-를","변론-내-을","송사-를-그들-의","송사를-너의","에-송사를-위하여","쟁론","쟁론-이"]·PT["Causa-tua","a-minha-causa","causa-deles","causa-vossa","contenda","contenda-de","em-sua-causa","em-sua-disputa","minha-causa","minha-causa.","para-a-contenda-de","para-minha-causa","tua-causa"]·RU["в-споре-своём","в-тяжбе-его","дело-моё","для-тяжбы-моей","за-тяжбу-","мою","спор","тяжба","тяжбу-Твою","тяжбу-вашу","тяжбу-их","тяжбу-мою","тяжбу-твою","тяжбы-твоей"]·ES["Tu-contienda","causa-de-mí","causa-mi","causa-mía","en-pleito-su","en-su-pleito","mi-causa","para-mi-causa","pleito","pleito-de","por-la-causa","su-causa","su-pleito","tu-causa","tu-pleito"]·SW["hoja-yangu","katika-daawa-yake","katika-shauri-lake","kesi-yako","kesi-yangu","kesi-yao","kesi-yenu","kwa-kesi-yangu","kwa-shauri","mashitaka-ya","mashtaka","shauri-lako","shauri-langu","shauri-lao"]·TR["dalamı","davam-için","davamı","davamı-benim","davanizi","davanı","davasinda-","davası","davasında","davasını"]·urd["اُس-کے-مقدمے-میں","اپنا-مقدمہ","تیرا-مقدمہ","مقدمہ","مقدمہ-اُن-کا","مقدمہ-اپنا","مقدمہ-تیرا","مقدمے-اپنے-میں","مقدمے-کے-لیے","میرا-مقدمہ","میرے-مقدمے-کے-لئے"]
2. strife, quarrel Strife, quarrel, or hostile contention between parties. Genesis 13:7 introduces this sense with the quarrel between Abram's herdsmen and Lot's over pastureland, and Exodus 17:7 names the place Meribah because of the people's quarreling. Proverbs is especially rich in this usage: 'the beginning of strife is like releasing water' (17:14), 'a hot-tempered man stirs up strife' (15:18). Spanish tends toward 'contienda,' French 'querelle,' and German 'Streit.' The emphasis falls on interpersonal friction rather than formal proceedings. 21×
PROPERTIES_RELATIONS Nature, Class, Example Geography and Space
AR["[وَرِيبٍ]","النِّزاعَ","خِصاماً","خِصامًا","خِصامٌ","خِصامٍ","خِصَامٌ","خِصَامٍ","خِصَامِكَ","رِيبِ","عَنِ-النِّزاعِ","في-نِزاعٍ","لِ-خِصَامٍ","مِنْ-خِصَامَاتِ","مِنْ-خِصُومَاتِ","نِزاعًا","نِزاعٍ","وَ-خُصومَكُمْ","وَ-خِصامًا"]·ben["-বিবাদে","[আর-বিরোধ]","এবং-তোমাদের-বিবাদ","ও-বিবাদ","কলহ","কলহ-থেকে","কলহের","তোমার-বিবাদের","বিতর্ক","বিবাদ","বিবাদ-থেকে","বিবাদকে","বিবাদে","বিবাদের"]·DE["Rechtsstreit","Streit","der-stritt","in-stritt","quarrel-von","strife","stritt","und-dein-strife","und-strife","von-der-strife-von","von-stritt","von-strivings-von","zu-Rechtsstreit"]·EN["[and-strife]","a-dispute","a-quarrel","and-strife","and-your-strife","for-strife","from-strife","from-strivings-of","from-the-strife-of","into-strife","of-your-strife","quarrel-of","strife","the-quarrel"]·FR["dans-querelle","de-querelle","de-strivings-de","et-querelle","et-ton-strife","le-querelle","procès","quarrel-de","querelle","strife","à-procès"]·heb["ב-ריב","ה-ריב","ו-רוב","ו-ריב","ו-ריבכם","ל-ריב","מ-ריב","מ-ריבי","ריב","ריבך"]·HI["और-तुम्हारा-झगड़ा","और-लड़ाई","झगड़ा","झगड़ा।","झगड़े","झगड़े-का","झगड़े-के","झगड़े-से","झगड़ेके-लिए","झगद","लड़ाई","विवाद","विवाद-का","विवाद-के-तेरे","विवाद-को","विवाद।","से-झगड़ों","से-झगड़ों-"]·ID["[dan pertengkaran]","dalam-pertengkaran","dan-perselisihan-kamu","dari-perselisihan","dari-pertengkaran","dari-pertikaian-pertikaian","lawanmu","perselisihan","pertengkaran","untuk-perselisihan"]·IT["causa","contesa","da-la-mia-causa","da-lite","da-strivings-di","e-contesa","e-lite","e-tuo-strife","il-lite","in-lite","lite","quarrel-di","strife"]·jav["[lan-padu]","ing-pasulayan","ingkang-pasulayan-kaliyan-panjenengan","kangge-padudon","lan-perkawis-panjenengan-sadaya","padu","pasulayan","saking-pasulayan","saking-prabutan"]·KO["-에서-싸움들","[그리고-싸움]","그리고-너희-다툼-을","그리고-다툸-을","너의-다투는","다투는","다투려고-","다투을","다투음","다툴들-에서","다툴의","다툸이","다툼","다툼-에","다툼-에서","다툼을","다툼이"]·PT["[Ketiv]","a-disputa","contenda","contenda-tua","das-contendas-do","de-contenda","de-contendas-de","disputa","e-contenda","e-vossa-disputa","em-contenda","para-contenda"]·RU["[и-ссорою]","в-ссору","для-ссоры","и-раздор","и-споры-ваши","от-распрей","от-ссоры","раздор","распри","распри-твоей","спор","спора","ссора","ссору","ссоры"]·ES["[y-contienda]","contienda","contienda-de-","de-contiendas-de","de-la-contienda","de-tu-contienda","el-pleito","en-contienda","para-contienda","pleito","y-contienda","y-vuestras-contiendas?"]·SW["[na-ugomvi]","kesi","kutoka-ugomvi-wa","kwa-ugomvi","mabishano","na-ugomvi","ugomvi","wa-ugomvi","wa-ugomvi-wako"]·TR["(ketib)","kavga","kavga-","kavgacılarından","kavgadan","kavgalarından-","kavganin","kavgaya","ve-davalarınızı","ve-çekişme","çekişme","çekişmenin","çekişmesinin","çekişmeyi"]·urd["-جھگڑوں-سے","اور-تمہارے-جھگڑے","اور-کثرت","تیرے-جھگڑنے-والے","جھگڑا","جھگڑوں-سے","جھگڑے","جھگڑے-سے","جھگڑے-میں","جھگڑے-کا","جھگڑے-کے-لیے","وَ-جَھگڑا"]
3. dispute, controversy A dispute or controversy that is broader than a private quarrel but not necessarily a formal court proceeding -- a public contention or contested matter. Deuteronomy 17:8 speaks of cases 'too difficult for you to judge, whether it is a matter of bloodshed, lawsuit, or dispute (riv),' listing it alongside but distinct from the strictly judicial. Deuteronomy 19:17 and 25:1 similarly position riv as a contested matter brought for resolution. Spanish uses 'disputa' and 'litigios,' French 'controversy,' capturing the middle ground between private quarrel and formal lawsuit. 13×
PROPERTIES_RELATIONS Nature, Class, Example Geography and Space
AR["الْخُصُومَةُ","خُصومَةٌ","خُصُومَةٍ","خِصَامٌ","خِصَامٍ","دَعوى","وَ-حُجَجَ","وَخِصامٌ","وَلِلخِصَامِ"]·ben["আর-বিবাদের-জন্য","এবং-তর্কগুলি","এবং-বিবাদ","বিবাদ","বিবাদের","বিরোধ","সেই-বিবাদ"]·DE["Rechtsstreit","[ולריב]","[ריב]","controversy","dispute","ein-Streit","ein-dispute","ist-der-dispute","und-Rechtsstreit"]·EN["a-dispute","and-a-controversy","and-for-disputes","and-pleadings-of","controversy","dispute","is-the-dispute"]·FR["[ולריב]","[ריב]","controversy","dispute","est-le-dispute","et-querelle","procès","querelle","un-dispute","une-dispute"]·heb["ה-ריב","ו-ל-ה-ריב","ו-ריב","ו-ריבות","ריב","ריבות"]·HI["और-मुकद्दमा","और-विवादकेलिए","और-विवादों-को","विवाद","विवादों-की"]·ID["dan-perbantahan","dan-untuk-perselisihan","perkara","perselisihan"]·IT["[ולריב]","[ריב]","causa","contesa","controversy","dispute","e-contesa","e-il-dispute","e-lite","un-dispute"]·jav["lan-bebantahan","lan-kanggé-prakawis","lan-prakara","padudon","perkawis","prakara","prakawis","prakawis-padu"]·KO["그리고-논쟁들-을","그리고-송사가","그리고-에-그-소송","다투","다투는","다투는-것과","다툼이","소송","소송이","송사가","송사와","의-송사가"]·PT["E-contenda","a-disputa","contenda","contendas","disputa","e-contendas-de","e-para-contenda"]·RU["-распря","и-для-спора","и-на-доводы","и-тяжба","раздоров","распря","спор","спором","тяжба","тяжбу"]·ES["disputa","la-disputa","litigios","pleito","y-los-argumentos-de","y-para-pleitos","y-pleito"]·SW["mabishano","madai","mgogoro","na-hoja-za","na-kwa-mabishano","na-mashtaka","shauri","ugomvi"]·TR["dava","davada","davası","ve-dava","ve-davası","ve-çekişmelerine","çekişme","çekişmelerin"]·urd["اور-دلائل","اور-مقدمات-کے-لیے","اور-مقدمہ","جھگڑا","جھگڑوں-کی","مقدمہ","مقدمے-کے","نزاع"]

Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
רִיב62 n.m. Is 1:23 strife, dispute;—abs. ר׳ Gn 13:7 +, רִב Ex 23:2 +; cstr. רִיב 17:7 +; sf. רִיבִי 1 S 24:16 +, בְּרִבָם Jb 31:13 (or inf.?), etc.; pl. רִיבֹת Dt 17:8; cstr. רִיבֵי 2 S 22:44 + 2 times, רִבוֹת Jb 13:6;—strife, quarrel: †1. in words, Ex 17:7 (J), Dt 1:12, about pasturage Gn 13:7 (J; = מְרִיבָה v 8), in gen. Pr 15:18; 17:14; 20:3; 26:17, 21; 30:33, + מָדוֹן Hb 1:3, so זִבְהֵי־ר׳