H7312 H7312
Height, loftiness; especially haughtiness and arrogant self-exaltation
A noun derived from the root rum (to be high), spanning the physical concept of height and the moral concept of pride. In Proverbs 25:3, it denotes literal spatial height -- 'the heavens for height' -- paired with depth as things beyond searching, analogous to the unsearchable heart of a king. Far more frequently, however, it names the sin of haughtiness: Isaiah 2:11 and 2:17 pair it with human loftiness that will be brought low on the Day of the Lord. German 'Erhabenheit' (sublimity, exaltedness) captures both the literal and figurative dimensions of the word, while Spanish 'altivez' (haughtiness) and 'soberbia' (pride) zero in on the moral failing.
Senses
1. haughtiness, pride — Haughtiness, pride, or arrogant self-exaltation -- the morally negative sense of elevation. In Isa 2:11 and 2:17, the 'loftiness of humankind' stands as a target for divine humbling. Jer 48:29 pairs it with ga'avah and ga'on (pride, arrogance) in the oracle against Moab. Spanish 'altivez' and 'soberbia' consistently render this moral judgment, while Isa 10:12 links it to Assyria's proud heart. 5×
AR["رِفْعَةُ-","عُلُوُّ","عُلُوِّ","وَارْتِفَاعُ"]·ben["উঁচু","উচ্চতা","উদ্ধত","এবং-উচ্চতা"]·DE["Erhabenheit","erhob","und-Erhabenheit"]·EN["and-haughtiness-of","haughtiness-of","loftiness-of"]·FR["et-hauteur","hauteur","רום"]·heb["ו-רום","רום","רום-"]·HI["ऊंचाई","ऊंची-","और-ऊंचाई","घमंड-"]·ID["Tinggi","dan-ketinggian","ketinggian"]·IT["altezza","e-altezza","haughtiness-di"]·jav["inggil-saking","kainggilan","lan-dhuwuripun","nginggil"]·KO["그리고-높임을","높은-","높음을","높음이"]·PT["Altívez-de-","altivez-de","e-altura-de","exaltação-de"]·RU["высота","высота-","и-превозношение","надменности"]·ES["Altivez-de-","altivez-de","soberbia-de","y-altivez-de"]·SW["kiburi-cha","majivuno-ya","na-kujivuna-kwa","wa-kiburi"]·TR["gururu-","ve-yükseltişini","yuksekligi","yuksekligin"]·urd["اور-سرکشی","بلندی","بلندی-","غرور"]
2. height (physical/spatial) — Physical or spatial height as a measurable dimension. Only in Prov 25:3, where 'the heavens for height and the earth for depth' illustrate the unsearchable nature of a king's heart. Spanish 'para-altura' (for height) and the parallel with 'depth' confirm a purely spatial, non-metaphorical usage here, making this a rare concrete instance of a word overwhelmingly used for moral pride. 1×
AR["لِلارْتِفاعِ"]·ben["-উচ্চতায়"]·DE["zu-erhob"]·EN["for-height"]·FR["à-לרום"]·heb["ל-רום"]·HI["ऊंचाई-में"]·ID["karena-tinggi"]·IT["per-per-height"]·jav["kanggé-inggil"]·KO["높이-를-위함이요"]·PT["para-altura"]·RU["в-высоту"]·ES["para-altura"]·SW["kwa-urefu"]·TR["yükseklikte"]·urd["بلندی-میں"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† רוּם, רֻם n.[m.] height, haughtiness (proposes inf.);—abs. ר׳, 1. height, loftiness, שָׁמַיִם לָר׳ וָאָרֶץ לָעֹמֶק Pr 25:3; cstr. רוּם עֵינַיִם fig. of haughtiness Is 10:12 (‖ גֹּדֶל לֵבָב), Pr 21:4 (‖ רְחַב־לֵב); so רֻם לִבּוֹ Je 48:29 (‖ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן, גֹּבַתּ); then alone: 2. haughtiness, רוּם אֲנָשִׁים Is 2:11, 17 (both ‖ גַּבְהוּת).