This foundational noun denotes 'people' in the sense of a cohesive group—whether ethnic nation, tribal confederation, or covenant community. It can refer specifically to Israel as 'God's people' (Exodus 3:7, 'I have seen the affliction of my people') or generically to any nation or ethnic group. The plural עַמִּים means 'peoples' or 'nations' in the international sense. The root likely connects to ideas of kinship, unity, and social bonding. Theologically, the term carries immense weight: Israel is called 'my people,' marking covenant relationship, while the nations are summoned to recognize Yahweh's sovereignty over all peoples.