H5678 H5678
Wrath, fury, overflowing rage (especially divine); arrogance or insolent excess; outbursts or torrents of anger.
The Hebrew noun evrah derives from the root ayin-bet-resh, 'to cross over, overflow,' and carries the image of anger that exceeds all bounds — fury that overflows like a flood. In its dominant sense (30 occurrences), it names the terrifying wrath of God poured out in judgment: 'a day of wrath' (Zeph 1:15), 'He sent upon them the fierceness of His anger, wrath and indignation' (Ps 78:49). Spanish ira/furor, French colere/fureur, and German Zorn/Grimm cluster tightly around intense anger. But the word's etymological connection to 'overflow' surfaces in two revealing minority senses: the arrogant 'excess of insolence' (Prov 21:24) where pride crosses proper limits, and the plural 'outbursts of anger' (Job 40:11; Ps 7:6) that picture fury as repeated surges. Arabic غَضَب and Hindi क्रोध confirm the cross-linguistic core of divine wrath, while the overflow metaphor remains distinctively Hebrew.
Senses
1. wrath, fury, rage — Intense wrath, fury, or rage — overwhelmingly divine anger unleashed in judgment, though also applied to human fury (Gen 49:7; Prov 14:35). This dominant sense (30 occurrences) encompasses 'the day of the LORD's wrath' (Zeph 1:15, 18), the burning fury sent upon Egypt (Ps 78:49), and the rod of God's fury wielded against the nations (Isa 10:6; 14:6). Spanish ira/furor, French colere/fureur, German Zorn/Grimm, Arabic غَضَب, and Hindi क्रोध converge emphatically. The word's gravitational pull is toward the language of catastrophic judgment — it appears alongside af ('nostril-anger'), chemah ('heat-rage'), and zaam ('indignation') in some of Scripture's most fearsome judgment oracles (Ps 78:49; Isa 13:9). 30×
AR["بِسَخَطي", "بِسَخَطِهِ", "بِـ-الْغَيْظِ", "بِـ-سَخَطِ", "سَخَطٍ", "سَخَطَكَ", "سَخَطِ", "سَخَطِكَ", "سَخَطِي", "غَضَبٌ", "غَضَبٍ", "غَضَبِ", "غَضَبِهِ", "غَضَبِي", "غَيْظِي", "وَ-سُخْطُهُ", "وَ-غَيْظُهُ"]·ben["-রোষে", "আমার-ক্রোধে", "আমার-ক্রোধের", "এবং-তার-রোষ", "ও-তার-ক্রোধ", "ক্রোধ", "ক্রোধে", "ক্রোধের", "ক্রোধের-", "ক্রোধের-আমার", "তাঁর-ক্রোধে", "তাঁর-রোষের", "তোমার-প্রচণ্ড-ক্রোধ", "তোমার-রোষ"]·DE["[בעברה]", "[בעברת]", "[בעברתו]", "[בעברתי]", "[ועברתו]", "[עברה]", "[עברת]", "[עברתו]", "[עברתי]", "dein-Zorn"]·EN["His-wrath", "and-his-fury", "at-fury-of", "by-fury-of", "fury-my", "in-His-wrath", "in-fury", "in-my-wrath", "is-wrath", "my-fury", "the-wrath-of", "wrath", "wrath-of", "your-wrath"]·FR["[עברתך]", "colère", "et-colère", "et-fureur", "fureur"]·heb["ב-עברה", "ב-עברת", "ב-עברתו", "ב-עברתי", "ו-עברתו", "ו-עברתוֹ", "עברה", "עברת", "עברתו", "עברתי", "עברתך"]·HI["अपनी-प्रचंडता", "अपने-क्रोध-में", "अपने-प्रकोप", "और-उसका-क्रोध", "और-रोष-उसका", "क्रोध", "क्रोध-अपने-की", "क्रोध-का", "क्रोध-के", "क्रोध-से", "तेरा-क्रोध", "में-क्रोध-", "मेरे-क्रोध-की", "मेरे-प्रकोप"]·ID["Oleh-kemurkaan", "amarah-Ku", "dalam-kemurkaan-Nya", "dan-amarahnya", "dengan-kemurkaan", "kegeraman-Ku", "kemarahan-Mu", "kemurkaan", "kemurkaan-Ku", "murka", "murka-Ku", "murka-Mu", "murkaNya", "oleh-kemurkaan"]·IT["collera", "e-collera", "e-ira", "ira", "wrath", "è-wrath"]·jav["Ing-bebendu", "bebendhu-Kawula", "bebendu", "bebendu-Kawula", "bebendu-Panjenengan", "dukanipun-Kula", "dukané", "ing-bendunipun", "ing-murka-Kawula", "ing-murka-nipun", "kaliyan-bendunipun", "lan-bebendu-nipun", "lan-murkaning", "murka", "murka-Kula", "murka-Panjenengan"]·KO["그-진노-로", "그리고-그의-분노를", "그의-진노의", "나의-진노에서", "내-노여움의", "내-진노의", "넘치는-진노의", "노여움-나의-안에서", "당신-의-분노-를", "당신-의-진노-를", "분노-로", "분노-에서", "진노", "진노-로", "진노-의", "진노-이다"]·PT["Pela-ira-de", "a-tua-indignação", "com-furor", "e-seu-furor", "e-sua-fúria", "em-Seu-furor", "em-indignação-minha", "ira", "ira-Minha", "ira-de", "ira-minha", "minha-fúria", "pela-ira-de", "sua-ira"]·RU["в-ярости", "в-ярости-Моей", "в-ярости-Своей", "гнев", "гнева", "гнева-Моего", "гнева-Своего", "и-ярость-его", "огнём", "от-гнева", "от-ярости", "ярости", "ярости-Моей", "ярость-Твою"]·ES["Por-la-ira-de", "con-furia", "en-mi-furor", "en-su-furor", "furor-de-ti", "ira", "ira-de", "mi-furor", "mi-indignación", "por-la-furia-de", "su-furor", "y-su-furia", "y-su-furor"]·SW["Kwa-ghadhabu", "cha-ghadhabu-yake", "ghadhabu", "ghadhabu-yako", "ghadhabu-yangu", "katika-ghadhabu-yake", "katika-ghadhabu-yangu", "kwa-ghadhabu", "kwa-ghadhabu-ya", "na-ghadhabu-yake", "ni-ghadhabu", "wa-ghadhabu-yangu", "ya-ghadhabu", "ya-ghadhabu-ya"]·TR["Gazabiyla", "gazabi-ile", "gazabımda", "gazabımın", "gazabın", "gazabında-onun", "gazabını", "gazabının", "gazap", "gününde", "hiddet-ile", "hiddetimin", "ve-gazabı", "ve-ofkesini"]·urd["اور-اُس-کا-قہر", "اپنا-قہر", "اپنے-قہر-میں", "تیرے-قہر-کو", "غضب", "غضب-اپنے-کی", "غضب-سے", "غضب-میرے-کے", "غضب-کا", "غضب-کے", "قہر-اپنے-میں", "قہر-کے", "میرے-قہر-کی"]
2. arrogance, insolence, presumptuousness — Arrogance or insolent presumptuousness — an overflow of pride that transgresses proper bounds. Only two clear occurrences, but both are instructive: Proverbs 21:24 names the scoffer as one who acts 'in the overflow of insolence' (evrat zadon), and Jeremiah 48:30 denounces Moab's evrah alongside gaavah and gaon (pride, haughtiness). Spanish soberbia, French orgueil, and German Ubermut shift away from anger vocabulary toward pride, confirming a genuinely distinct sense. The etymological logic is transparent: just as anger overflows its container, so arrogance crosses the boundary of what is fitting. 2×
AR["بِ-طُغْيانِ", "عَجْرَفَتَهُ"]·ben["উদ্ধততায়", "তার-ক্রোধ"]·DE["[בעברת]", "[עברתו]"]·EN["his-insolence", "in-overflow-of"]·FR["dans-colère", "fureur"]·heb["ב-עברת", "עברתו"]·HI["उसका-क्रोध", "औंधड-में"]·ID["dalam-keangkuhan", "kemarahannya"]·IT["collera", "in-in-overflow-di"]·jav["ing-kelebetan-saking", "murkanipun"]·KO["그의-노여움을", "넘침-에서"]·PT["em-excesso-de", "sua-furia"]·RU["в-ярости", "ярость-его"]·ES["en-la-soberbia-de", "su-arrogancia"]·SW["hasira-yake", "kwa-kiburi"]·TR["taşkınlığıyla", "öfkesini"]·urd["جوش-میں", "غضب-اُس-کا"]
3. outpouring, overflow of fury — Outbursts or torrential overflowings of rage, used in the plural form to picture fury as repeated surges or waves rather than a single state. Only two occurrences (Job 40:11; Ps 7:6), both employing the plural avrot to denote repeated eruptions of wrath — 'pour out the overflowings of your anger' (Job 40:11), 'arise in the ragings of my adversaries' (Ps 7:6). Spanish furores and English 'outbursts' capture the iterative, torrential quality. The plural form preserves the root metaphor of water overflowing its banks in successive waves, giving this sense a vivid concreteness absent from the singular. 2×
AR["بِ-سَخَطَاتِ", "فُيُوضَاتِ"]·ben["উচ্ছলগুলি", "রোষে-"]·DE["[עברות]", "gegen-der-rages-von"]·EN["against-the-rages-of", "the-overflowings-of"]·FR["[בעברות]", "colère"]·heb["ב-עברות", "עברות"]·HI["के-कारण-प्रकोप", "क्रोध"]·ID["luapan-luapan", "terhadap-kemarahan"]·IT["il-overflowings-di", "ira"]·jav["ing-murka", "luberipun"]·KO["넘침-에", "넘침들을"]·PT["as-frias-de-", "contra-a-fúria"]·RU["на-ярость", "потоки"]·ES["contra-furores-de", "furores-de"]·SW["dhidi-ya-ghadhabu-ya", "hasira"]·TR["gazaplarında-", "taşkınlıklarını"]·urd["-قہر-کی-وجہ-سے", "فیضان"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† עֶבְרָה n.f. overflow, arrogance, fury;—abs. ע׳ Is 13:9 +; cstr. עֶבְרַת Zp 1:18 +; sf. עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6 +, etc.; pl. עֲבָרוֹת Jb 21:30; cstr. עַבְרוֹת ψ 7:7 Jb 40:11;— 1. overflow, excess, outburst, ע׳ זָדוֹן Pr 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ Jb 40:11 outbursts of thine anger. 2. arrogance, of Moab Is 16:6 (+ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן), hence Je 48:30 (+ id. v 29). 3. overflowing rage,…