H5678 H5678
Wrath, fury, overflowing rage (especially divine); arrogance or insolent excess; outbursts or torrents of anger.
The Hebrew noun evrah derives from the root ayin-bet-resh, 'to cross over, overflow,' and carries the image of anger that exceeds all bounds — fury that overflows like a flood. In its dominant sense (30 occurrences), it names the terrifying wrath of God poured out in judgment: 'a day of wrath' (Zeph 1:15), 'He sent upon them the fierceness of His anger, wrath and indignation' (Ps 78:49). Spanish ira/furor, French colere/fureur, and German Zorn/Grimm cluster tightly around intense anger. But the word's etymological connection to 'overflow' surfaces in two revealing minority senses: the arrogant 'excess of insolence' (Prov 21:24) where pride crosses proper limits, and the plural 'outbursts of anger' (Job 40:11; Ps 7:6) that picture fury as repeated surges. Arabic غَضَب and Hindi क्रोध confirm the cross-linguistic core of divine wrath, while the overflow metaphor remains distinctively Hebrew.
Senses
1. wrath, fury, rage — Intense wrath, fury, or rage — overwhelmingly divine anger unleashed in judgment, though also applied to human fury (Gen 49:7; Prov 14:35). This dominant sense (30 occurrences) encompasses 'the day of the LORD's wrath' (Zeph 1:15, 18), the burning fury sent upon Egypt (Ps 78:49), and the rod of God's fury wielded against the nations (Isa 10:6; 14:6). Spanish ira/furor, French colere/fureur, German Zorn/Grimm, Arabic غَضَب, and Hindi क्रोध converge emphatically. The word's gravitational pull is toward the language of catastrophic judgment — it appears alongside af ('nostril-anger'), chemah ('heat-rage'), and zaam ('indignation') in some of Scripture's most fearsome judgment oracles (Ps 78:49; Isa 13:9). 30×
AR["بِسَخَطي","بِسَخَطِهِ","بِـ-الْغَيْظِ","بِـ-سَخَطِ","سَخَطٍ","سَخَطَكَ","سَخَطِ","سَخَطِكَ","سَخَطِي","غَضَبٌ","غَضَبٍ","غَضَبِ","غَضَبِهِ","غَضَبِي","غَيْظِي","وَ-سُخْطُهُ","وَ-غَيْظُهُ"]·ben["-রোষে","আমার-ক্রোধে","আমার-ক্রোধের","এবং-তার-রোষ","ও-তার-ক্রোধ","ক্রোধ","ক্রোধে","ক্রোধের","ক্রোধের-","ক্রোধের-আমার","তাঁর-ক্রোধে","তাঁর-রোষের","তোমার-প্রচণ্ড-ক্রোধ","তোমার-রোষ"]·DE["[בעברה]","[בעברת]","[בעברתו]","[בעברתי]","[ועברתו]","[עברה]","[עברת]","[עברתו]","[עברתי]","dein-Zorn"]·EN["His-wrath","and-his-fury","at-fury-of","by-fury-of","fury-my","in-His-wrath","in-fury","in-my-wrath","is-wrath","my-fury","the-wrath-of","wrath","wrath-of","your-wrath"]·FR["[עברתך]","colère","et-colère","et-fureur","fureur"]·heb["ב-עברה","ב-עברת","ב-עברתו","ב-עברתי","ו-עברתו","ו-עברתוֹ","עברה","עברת","עברתו","עברתי","עברתך"]·HI["अपनी-प्रचंडता","अपने-क्रोध-में","अपने-प्रकोप","और-उसका-क्रोध","और-रोष-उसका","क्रोध","क्रोध-अपने-की","क्रोध-का","क्रोध-के","क्रोध-से","तेरा-क्रोध","में-क्रोध-","मेरे-क्रोध-की","मेरे-प्रकोप"]·ID["Oleh-kemurkaan","amarah-Ku","dalam-kemurkaan-Nya","dan-amarahnya","dengan-kemurkaan","kegeraman-Ku","kemarahan-Mu","kemurkaan","kemurkaan-Ku","murka","murka-Ku","murka-Mu","murkaNya","oleh-kemurkaan"]·IT["collera","e-collera","e-ira","ira","wrath","è-wrath"]·jav["Ing-bebendu","bebendhu-Kawula","bebendu","bebendu-Kawula","bebendu-Panjenengan","dukanipun-Kula","dukané","ing-bendunipun","ing-murka-Kawula","ing-murka-nipun","kaliyan-bendunipun","lan-bebendu-nipun","lan-murkaning","murka","murka-Kula","murka-Panjenengan"]·KO["그-진노-로","그리고-그의-분노를","그의-진노의","나의-진노에서","내-노여움의","내-진노의","넘치는-진노의","노여움-나의-안에서","당신-의-분노-를","당신-의-진노-를","분노-로","분노-에서","진노","진노-로","진노-의","진노-이다"]·PT["Pela-ira-de","a-tua-indignação","com-furor","e-seu-furor","e-sua-fúria","em-Seu-furor","em-indignação-minha","ira","ira-Minha","ira-de","ira-minha","minha-fúria","pela-ira-de","sua-ira"]·RU["в-ярости","в-ярости-Моей","в-ярости-Своей","гнев","гнева","гнева-Моего","гнева-Своего","и-ярость-его","огнём","от-гнева","от-ярости","ярости","ярости-Моей","ярость-Твою"]·ES["Por-la-ira-de","con-furia","en-mi-furor","en-su-furor","furor-de-ti","ira","ira-de","mi-furor","mi-indignación","por-la-furia-de","su-furor","y-su-furia","y-su-furor"]·SW["Kwa-ghadhabu","cha-ghadhabu-yake","ghadhabu","ghadhabu-yako","ghadhabu-yangu","katika-ghadhabu-yake","katika-ghadhabu-yangu","kwa-ghadhabu","kwa-ghadhabu-ya","na-ghadhabu-yake","ni-ghadhabu","wa-ghadhabu-yangu","ya-ghadhabu","ya-ghadhabu-ya"]·TR["Gazabiyla","gazabi-ile","gazabımda","gazabımın","gazabın","gazabında-onun","gazabını","gazabının","gazap","gününde","hiddet-ile","hiddetimin","ve-gazabı","ve-ofkesini"]·urd["اور-اُس-کا-قہر","اپنا-قہر","اپنے-قہر-میں","تیرے-قہر-کو","غضب","غضب-اپنے-کی","غضب-سے","غضب-میرے-کے","غضب-کا","غضب-کے","قہر-اپنے-میں","قہر-کے","میرے-قہر-کی"]
2. arrogance, insolence, presumptuousness — Arrogance or insolent presumptuousness — an overflow of pride that transgresses proper bounds. Only two clear occurrences, but both are instructive: Proverbs 21:24 names the scoffer as one who acts 'in the overflow of insolence' (evrat zadon), and Jeremiah 48:30 denounces Moab's evrah alongside gaavah and gaon (pride, haughtiness). Spanish soberbia, French orgueil, and German Ubermut shift away from anger vocabulary toward pride, confirming a genuinely distinct sense. The etymological logic is transparent: just as anger overflows its container, so arrogance crosses the boundary of what is fitting. 2×
AR["بِ-طُغْيانِ","عَجْرَفَتَهُ"]·ben["উদ্ধততায়","তার-ক্রোধ"]·DE["[בעברת]","[עברתו]"]·EN["his-insolence","in-overflow-of"]·FR["dans-colère","fureur"]·heb["ב-עברת","עברתו"]·HI["उसका-क्रोध","औंधड-में"]·ID["dalam-keangkuhan","kemarahannya"]·IT["collera","in-in-overflow-di"]·jav["ing-kelebetan-saking","murkanipun"]·KO["그의-노여움을","넘침-에서"]·PT["em-excesso-de","sua-furia"]·RU["в-ярости","ярость-его"]·ES["en-la-soberbia-de","su-arrogancia"]·SW["hasira-yake","kwa-kiburi"]·TR["taşkınlığıyla","öfkesini"]·urd["جوش-میں","غضب-اُس-کا"]
3. outpouring, overflow of fury — Outbursts or torrential overflowings of rage, used in the plural form to picture fury as repeated surges or waves rather than a single state. Only two occurrences (Job 40:11; Ps 7:6), both employing the plural avrot to denote repeated eruptions of wrath — 'pour out the overflowings of your anger' (Job 40:11), 'arise in the ragings of my adversaries' (Ps 7:6). Spanish furores and English 'outbursts' capture the iterative, torrential quality. The plural form preserves the root metaphor of water overflowing its banks in successive waves, giving this sense a vivid concreteness absent from the singular. 2×
AR["بِ-سَخَطَاتِ","فُيُوضَاتِ"]·ben["উচ্ছলগুলি","রোষে-"]·DE["[עברות]","gegen-der-rages-von"]·EN["against-the-rages-of","the-overflowings-of"]·FR["[בעברות]","colère"]·heb["ב-עברות","עברות"]·HI["के-कारण-प्रकोप","क्रोध"]·ID["luapan-luapan","terhadap-kemarahan"]·IT["il-overflowings-di","ira"]·jav["ing-murka","luberipun"]·KO["넘침-에","넘침들을"]·PT["as-frias-de-","contra-a-fúria"]·RU["на-ярость","потоки"]·ES["contra-furores-de","furores-de"]·SW["dhidi-ya-ghadhabu-ya","hasira"]·TR["gazaplarında-","taşkınlıklarını"]·urd["-قہر-کی-وجہ-سے","فیضان"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† עֶבְרָה n.f. overflow, arrogance, fury;—abs. ע׳ Is 13:9 +; cstr. עֶבְרַת Zp 1:18 +; sf. עֶבְרָתִי Is 10:6 +, etc.; pl. עֲבָרוֹת Jb 21:30; cstr. עַבְרוֹת ψ 7:7 Jb 40:11;— 1. overflow, excess, outburst, ע׳ זָדוֹן Pr 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ Jb 40:11 outbursts of thine anger. 2. arrogance, of Moab Is 16:6 (+ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן), hence Je 48:30 (+ id. v 29). 3. overflowing rage,…