H4791 H4791
Height, elevated place, or the heavenly heights; used of physical summits, the celestial dwelling of God, and as a title of divine exaltation.
The Hebrew noun marom (מָרוֹם) is a poet's word for height — it appears overwhelmingly in elevated literary contexts rather than prosaic narrative. Its most frequent deployment, comprising over half its occurrences, points upward to the celestial realm: God 'looks down from his marom' (Ps 102:19), sends help 'from on high' (2 Sam 22:17), and makes peace 'in his heights' (Job 25:2). Spanish splits this beautifully between 'de lo alto' (from on high) for the divine sphere and 'altura' (height) for physical geography. The physical sense surfaces in vivid topographical images — the 'heights of the field' where Naphtali fought (Judg 5:18), the summit of Lebanon's cedars (2 Kgs 19:23). Two rare occurrences push beyond geography and theology into direct address: 'O Exalted One' (Ps 56:2) and 'the exalted ones of the earth' (Isa 24:4), where height becomes a metaphor for pride or majesty itself.
Senses
1. heaven, the celestial realm — The heavenly heights, the celestial realm where God dwells — 'on high' or 'from on high.' This is the dominant poetic use, appearing in nearly two-thirds of all occurrences. God sends rescue 'from on high' (2 Sam 22:17); He makes peace 'in his heights' (Job 25:2); the Spirit is poured out 'from on high' (Isa 32:15). Spanish consistently renders this as 'de lo alto' or 'desde lo alto' (from on high), French as 'de hauteur,' and German as 'Hohe.' The prepositional phrases bam-marom and lam-marom function almost as technical terms for the divine sphere, paralleling shamayim (heavens) in many poetic cola. 32×
AR["إلى-العُلا","إلى-العُلا-","إِلَى-العَلاَءِ","الْعَلَاءَ","عَالِيًا","عَالِيَةٌ","في-العَليِّ","فِي-الْعَلَاءِ","فِي-الْعُلَا","مِنَ-العَلَاءِ","مِنَ-العُلا","مِنَ-الْعَلاَءِ","مِنَ-الْعَلَاءِ","مِنَ-الْعُلى"]·ben["-উচ্চতায়","উঁচু-থেকে","উচ্চ-থেকে","উচ্চ-থেকে,","উচ্চতায়","উচ্চতায়-","উচ্চে","উচ্চে-","উচ্চের","উর্দ্ধ্ব-থেকে","তোমার-বিচারগুলি","সেই-উচ্চে"]·DE["Hoehe","[במרום]","[למרום]","auf-hoch","von-Erhabenheit","von-auf-hoch","zu-der-Höhe"]·EN["and-the-kings","from-on-high","height","on-high","to-the-height"]·FR["dans-hauteur","de-hauteur","de-s'élever","de-sur-haut","d’en-haut","hauteur","à-hauteur"]·heb["ב-מרום","ל-מרום","מ-מרום","מרום"]·HI["उच्च-से","ऊँचाई-पर","ऊँचाई-में","ऊँचाई-से","ऊंचाई-पर","ऊंचाई-से","ऊंचे-हैं","ऊपर-से","में-ऊँचाई-पर","ला-मारोम","से-ऊपर"]·ID["dari-atas","dari-tempat-tinggi","di-ketinggian","di-tempat-tinggi","ke-tempat-tinggi","tinggi"]·IT["altezza","da-su-alto","in-altezza","nel-altezza","per-altezza"]·jav["Inggil","dhateng-inggil","dhúwur","ing-inggil","ing-nginggil","inggil","saking-inggil","saking-nginggil","wonten-ing-nginggil"]·KO["-에서-높은-곳","높도다","높은-곳-에","높은-곳-에서","높은-곳-으로","높은-곳과","높은-곳에","높은-곳에서","높은-곳에서-","높이","에서-높은-곳에서"]·PT["Altos-demais","altura","ao-alto","das-alturas","do-alto","na-altura","no-alto"]·RU["в-высоте","в-вышине","вверх","ввысь","высоко","высоте","на-высоте","на-высоту","с-высоты"]·ES["a-lo-alto","de-lo-alto","desde-lo-alto","en-alto","en-altura","en-lo-alto","lo-alto"]·SW["juu","kutoka-juu"]·TR["yuce-yerde","yuksekte","yuksekten","yukselikte-","yukten","yüeliklerden","yükseklere","yükseklik","yüksekten","yüksekten-","yükselikte","yükseğe","yükseğe-","yükseğe-o"]·urd["-اوپر-سے","-بلندی-پر","اونچائی-میں","اونچائی-پر","اوپر-سے","بلند","سے-بلندی","لِ-بلندی","لِ-ہَ-بلندی-پر","مِن-اونچائی","مِن-بلندی"]
2. physical height or elevated place — A literal, physical height or elevated terrain — the summit of a mountain, the crest of a hill, or high ground. Naphtali risked his life 'on the heights of the field' (Judg 5:18); Sennacherib boasted of ascending 'the height of the mountains, the farthest reaches of Lebanon' (2 Kgs 19:23). Spanish uses 'altura de' or 'alturas,' and German 'Hohe von,' maintaining the concrete geographical sense. The construct forms merom harim (height of the mountains) and merom tsiyyon (height of Zion, Jer 31:12) keep the word anchored in real topography even as Zion itself carries theological weight. 20×
amh["ከፍታ"]·AR["أَعْلَى","الْمُرْتَفَعَاتِ","بَ-مِّرُومِيم","بِـ-الأَعَالِي","علو","عُلُوَّ","عُلُوِّ","عُلْوَّ","فِي-الْأَعَالِي","فِي-الْمُرْتَفَعَاتِ","فِي-مُرْتَفَعِ-","مَرْتَفَعَاتِ-","مَرْتَفَعِ","مُرْتَفَعاتِ","مُرْتَفَعَاتِ","مِن-مُرتَفَع","مِنَ-العُلى"]·ben["-উচ্চে","ইস্রায়েলের-উঁচু-পর্বত","উঁচু-স্থানের","উচ্চ-","উচ্চতা","উচ্চতাকে","উচ্চতাতে","উচ্চতায়","উচ্চতায়-সেই","উচ্চতার-","উচ্চস্থান-থেকে","উচ্চস্থানে","উচ্চে","সেই-উচ্চ-থেকে"]·ces["ve-výši"]·dan["højde"]·DE["-der-heights-von","Hoehe","Hoehe-von","Höhe","[במרומים]","[ממרמים]","[מרום]","[מרומים]","[מרמי]","in-der-Höhen","von-Erhabenheit","von-der-Höhe-von"]·ell["ύψος"]·EN["-the-heights-of","from-the-height-of","from-the-heights","height-of","height-of-","in-the-heights","on-height-of","on-heights","the-height-of","the-heights","the-heights-of","to-its-remotest","to-the-height"]·FR["-le-heights-de","dans-hauteur","de-hauteur","hauteur","hauteur-de"]·guj["ઊંચાઈ"]·hat["wotè"]·hau["tudu"]·heb["ב-מרום-","ב-מרומים","מ-מרום","מ-מרומים","מרום","מרום-","מרומי","מרומים"]·HI["इस्राएल","ऊँचाइयों","ऊँचाइयों-के","ऊँचाइयों-में","ऊँचाइयों-से","ऊँचाई","ऊंचाई","पर-ऊँचाई","से-ऊंचाई"]·hun["magasságában"]·ID["dari-tempat tinggi","dari-tempat-tinggi","di-ketinggian-","di-tempat-tinggi","ke-puncak","ketinggian","luhur","puncak","tempat-tempat-tinggi","tertinggi-"]·IT["-il-heights-di","altezza","altezza-di","da-altezza","nel-altezza"]·jav["dhuwur","dhuwur-saking","dhuwuring","ing-inggil","ing-nginggil","ing-papan-inggil-","ing-pucuk","ingkang-inggil-ing","lan-kawula-mlebet","papan-inggil","pucuk","pucukipun","puncak","saking-inggilipun","saking-langit"]·JA["高み"]·KO["높은","높은-","높은-곳","높은-곳-들-의","높은-곳-에서","높은-곳들-","높은-곳들-에서","높은-곳들에","높은-곳에","높은-곳에서-","높은-곳으로","높은-곳을","높은-곳의","높음들-에서","에-그-높은-곳들에서"]·mar["उंची-"]·mya["အမြင့်"]·nld["hoogte"]·nor["høyde"]·pnb["اُچائی"]·pol["wysokość"]·PT["alto-de","altura","altura-","altura-de","altura-de-","alturas","alturas-de","das-alturas","do-alto","na-altura-de-","nas-alturas"]·ron["înălțimea"]·RU["высот","высота","высотах","высоту","высоты","высоты-","на-высотах","на-высоте-","на-высоту","на-высоты","с-высот","с-высоты"]·ES["a-la-altura","altura-de","alturas","alturas-de","desde-altura-de","desde-las-alturas","en-altura-de-","en-alturas","en-las-alturas"]·SW["juu","juu-ya","katika-nafasi-za-juu","kilele","kilele-cha","kutoka-juu","kutoka-mbinguni","mahali-pa-juu","mahali-pa-juu-pa","mrefu-wa","vilele-vya"]·swe["höjd"]·tam["உயரமான"]·tel["ఎత్తైన"]·tgl["kataasan"]·TH["ความสูง"]·TR["tepesini","yuksegin","yuksekliklerde","yüksek","yükseklerde","yükseklerden","yükseklerinde","yüksekliklerde","yüksekliği","yüksekliğinde-o","yüksekliğinden","yüksekliğini","yüksekliğinin","yükselikerin","yükseliklerinin","yükseğinde-","zirvesine-"]·ukr["висота"]·urd["اونچائی","اونچائی-سے","اونچائیوں","اونچائیوں-کی","اونچے","اُونچے-","بلندی","بلندی-پر","بلندیوں سے","بلندیوں-میں","بلندیوں-کی","بِ-اونچائیوں-میں","میں-بلندیوں"]·VI["cao"]·yor["gíga"]·yue["高處"]·ZH["高处"]
3. sense 3 — A vocative or title of address meaning 'O Exalted One,' used in direct address to God or an exalted figure. The single occurrence at Psalm 56:2 (or 56:3 in some versifications) uses marom as an epithet — English renders 'O Exalted One' or 'O Most High,' Spanish 'altivez,' and German 'O erhohter Einer.' This is neither geography nor cosmology but doxology: height has become a name. 1×
AR["مِن-العُلى"]·ben["উচ্চে"]·DE["O-erhöht-einer"]·EN["O-Exalted-One"]·FR["de-s'élever"]·heb["מרום"]·HI["परमप्रधान"]·IT["altezza"]·jav["dinten"]·KO["높은-곳-에서"]·PT["ó-Altíssimo"]·RU["с-высоты"]·ES["altivez"]·SW["kwa-kiburi"]·TR["yüksekten"]·urd["بُلندی-سے"]
4. sense 4 — A substantival use referring to exalted persons — 'the lofty ones' or 'the exalted ones of the earth.' Isaiah 24:4 speaks of the merom of the people languishing in judgment. Spanish renders 'los altos de' (the lofty of), French 'hauteur,' and German 'von Erhabenheit' (of sublimity). The plural or collective force marks this as distinct from the singular vocative: these are human beings elevated in status who are brought low by divine judgment. 1×
AR["عُلُوُّ"]·ben["উচ্চ"]·DE["von-Erhabenheit"]·EN["the-exalted-ones"]·FR["hauteur"]·heb["מרום"]·HI["ऊँचे"]·ID["tinggi"]·IT["altezza"]·jav["inggil"]·KO["높은-자들이"]·PT["alturas-de"]·RU["высокие"]·ES["los-altos-de"]·SW["walio-juu"]·TR["yuksegin"]·urd["اونچے"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מָרוֹם n.m. Ec 10:6 height (poet.);—abs. מ׳ Mi 6:6 +; cstr. מְרוֹם 2 K 19:23 +; pl. מְרוֹמִים Is 33:16 +; cstr. מְרוֹמֵי Ju 5:18; sf. מְרוֹמָיו Jb 25:2;— 1. height, elevation (concr.), elevated place: מְרוֹמֵי שָׂדֶה Ju 5:18, בְּרֹאשׁ מְרֹמִים Pr 8:2; מְרוֹם שִׁבְתּוֹ Ob 3 (cf. Now), מְרוֹם גִּבְעָה in ‖ Je 49:16; מ׳ הָרִים top of mts. 2 K 19:23 = Is 37:24a, מ׳ קִצּוֹ v 24 b; מ׳ עֻזָּהּ Je…